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Description
Gilvocarcins and jadomycins are angucyclin-derived anticancer drugs/antibiotics possessing unique
molecular frames, whose common biosynthetic key step is an oxidative rearrangement catalyzed by a closelyrelated
set of enzymes.
The gilvocarcins, produced by various Streptomyces strains including Streptomyces griseoflavus Go
3592, represent a distinct family of interesting aryl C-glycoside antitumor drugs with a coumarin-based
aromatic core that promote specific DNA interactions when photo activated by near UV light. This class of
anticancer drugs shows excellent antitumor activity and remarkably low toxicity. Its unprecedented molecular
architecture in conjunction with its unique biological activity makes the gilvocarcins an excellent target for
biosynthetic studies and the development of novel, photoactivatable anticancer drugs through combinatorial
biosynthesis. The drugs may be useful for the treatment of special cancers, such as brain tumors, colon, skin,
lung, and prostate cancers or leukemia. The jadomycins are antibiotics/antifungals, whose structure is
characterized by an unusual insertion of an amino acid building block after an oxidative bond breakage.
Previous biosynthetic studies suggest for both, gilvocarcins and jadomycins, a pathway dominated by a
type-2 polyketide synthase (PKS), leading initially to an angucycline type drug intermediate, which then
oxidatively rearranges into the final molecular frame. Selected intriguing post-PKS tailoring steps, namely the
oxidative rearrangement (gilvocarcin and jadomycin biosynthesis), the unusual C-glycosylation step
(gilvocarcin biosynthesis), and the formation of the vinyl group side chain of gilvocarcin V, are key
biosynthetic features responsible for the generation of structural elements, which are essential for the unique
biological activity of the gilvocarcin drugs. The investigation of these cascades of post-PKS tailoring
biosynthetic key reactions, found in both the jadomycin and gilvocarcin biosyntheses, is a main goal of the
research, since it as an interesting model for post-PKS enzyme complexes, their mechanisms, interactions,
substrate binding/passing modes etc. This topic has never been studied in detail despite the importance of
such tailoring steps for the biological activity of polyketide drugs. The understanding of these biosynthetic
steps, and the enzymes responsible for their execution will ultimately pave the way for the generation of
more potential and more selective drugs through combinatorial biosynthetic methods. The following specific
aims will be addressed: (I) Characterization of the late steps of the gilvocarcin and jadomycin biosynthesis;
(2) Generation of new gilvocarcin analogues by inactivation and recombination of selected post-PKS tailoring
genes; (3) Characterization of key enzymes of the gilvocarcin and the relatedjadomycin biosynthetic pathway
to understand their mechanism-of-action and substrate specificity range, their interaction; and (4) assessment
of the antitumor activity of gilvocarcin and newly generated analogues from specific aim 2. The long-term
goal of this research is to develo improved anticancer drugs for the treatment of special cancers.
Status | Finished |
---|---|
Effective start/end date | 5/1/05 → 3/31/09 |
Funding
- National Cancer Institute
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Projects
- 1 Finished
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Biosynthetic Key Steps of Angucycline Antitumor Drugs
Rohr, J., Chendil, D. & Adams, V.
5/1/05 → 3/31/11
Project: Research project