Climate Changes and Shifts on Phenological Patterns of Aphids and Armyworms in Wheat

Abstract: This project will study the changes in abundances of aphids during the pre-planting and growing season of wheat in KY (Sep. to Jun.) for 4 years, also evaluations of other pests may be conducted (armyworms). Studies will evaluate changes in the phenology and abundances of aphids (and maybe armyworms) as result of recent climate shifts. Aphids: monitor for aphid populations, and detect their presence from Oct. to Nov., during the duration of insecticide seed treatments. Also, monitor these populations and abundances, and take decision on management in Dec., Jan., or Feb. (spray or not), and Mar. (conduct conventional spray), and test insecticide efficacies, evaluate presence of natural enemies, monitoring of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in fields, and the overall effects on yields. Build models for aphid populations based on new environmental conditions. Evaluate and compare efficacies of insecticide seed treatments using neonicotinoids vs. new alternatives (i.e., Diamides (MoA: 28)), anticipating a possible phaseout of neonicotinoids Armyworms: evaluate the occurrence of true armyworms in wheat in KY; their presence (winter emergence or migration) can occur earlier than in the past with outbreaks that may consume immature beards and leaves that may affect yields. Hessian fly: evaluate free fly planting dates (Figure 3b), free fly planting periods may be changing due to shift on high temperatures in Oct. Hessian fly adults may be extending their period of flying until mid-Oct.