Integrating IPM into IRM theory for improved resistance management and pest suppression

Previous efforts to model the integration of IPM tactics with IRM have been informative, but extrapolation of their results to other systems are difficult because they are pest or enemy-specific (Onstad et al. 2013) or address a limited set of variables (e.g., egg predation in Heimpel et al. 2005). This model will build a theoretical framework to generate and test hypotheses concerning resistance evolution while considering pest and natural enemy biologies, crop spatial and temporal heterogeneity, insecticide applications, and interactions among these processes. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity are particularly important features of agriculture (e.g., Peck et al. 1999, Storer et al 2003) because pest population dynamics and resistance evolution depend on pest dispersal, mating and oviposition behavior (reviewed by Onstad 2013). Our models will differ from previous efforts by simultaneously considering spatial and temporal variation in resistance evolution in a meta-population model that also considers dispersal, density-dependent population dynamics, types of refuge, crop rotations, insecticide applications, and biocontrol strategies. Lastly, our model will be novel by simultaneously considering pest population dynamics/densities and IRM to identify novel resistance management methodologies that may extend product durability and improve pest suppression. Journal of Economic Entomology, 96(1), 156-172.