Abstract
Approximately 50 % of HIV-1 seropositive individuals develop HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which commonly include alterations in executive functions, such as inhibition, set shifting, and complex problem solving. Executive function deficits in HIV-1 are fairly well characterized, however, relatively few studies have explored the elemental dimensions of neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1. Deficits in temporal processing, caused by HIV-1, may underlie the symptoms of impairment in higher level cognitive processes. Translational measures of temporal processing, including cross-modal prepulse inhibition (PPI), gap-prepulse inhibition (gap-PPI), and gap threshold detection, were studied in mature (ovariectomized) female HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rats, which express 7 of the 9 HIV-1 genes constitutively throughout development. Cross-modal PPI revealed a relative insensitivity to the manipulation of interstimulus interval (ISI) in HIV-1 Tg animals in comparison to control animals, extending previously reported temporal processing deficits in HIV-1 Tg rats to a more advanced age, suggesting the permanence of temporal processing deficits. In gap-PPI, HIV-1 Tg animals exhibited a relative insensitivity to the manipulation of ISI in comparison to control animals. In gap-threshold detection, HIV-1 Tg animals displayed a profound differential sensitivity to the manipulation of gap duration. Presence of the HIV-1 transgene was diagnosed with 91.1 % accuracy using gap threshold detection measures. Understanding the generality and permanence of temporal processing deficits in the HIV-1 Tg rat is vital to modeling neurocognitive deficits observed in HAND and provides a key target for the development of a diagnostic screening tool.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 171-179 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 1 2017 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Funding
This work was supported in part by grants from NIH (National Institute on Drug Abuse, DA013137; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, HD043680; National Institute of Mental Health, MH106392) and the interdisciplinary research training program supported by the University of South Carolina Behavioral-Biomedical Interface Program.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| University of South Carolina Behavioral-Biomedical Interface Program | |
| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | |
| National Institute of Mental Health | MH106392 |
| National Institute of Mental Health | |
| National Institute on Drug Abuse | R01DA013137 |
| National Institute on Drug Abuse | |
| NIH National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research | HD043680 |
| NIH National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research |
Keywords
- Diagnostic screening tool
- HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders
- Prepulse inhibition
- Temporal processing
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Neuroscience (miscellaneous)
- Immunology and Allergy
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
