A graphical flow distribution model for small utilities

A water distribution model is needed to help utilities understand basic system hydraulics during normal operational flow conditions and also during abnormal flow patterns resulting from unanticipated events. A hydraulic model can help with operational decision, accessing damages/leaks to a system and help with overall design decisions. Despite significant advances in the development of computer models for use in analyzing water distribution systems, many smaller or even medium sized water utilities still do not have a working model of their system. Stated reasons include the following: 1) lack of adequate data, 2) lack of the finances to develop and maintain such a model, 3) lack of trained personal to use the model. This paper will discuss the development of a very simple model for use in analyzing water distributions that is particularly aimed at small utilities. The model is based on a scaled down version of KYPIPE with functionality that allows for the development of a graphical map of the water distribution system along with ability to display basic network data (e.g. pipe diameters) as well as the flow distribution across the system under steady state conditions for a specified set of boundary conditions. The model has a built in algorithm that is used to distribute a specified total system demand across the network. The algorithm also employs a state-wide database all of the water systems in the state of Kentucky that allows for the rapid construction of a network model within a few hours. Additional algorithms allow for the use of online databases for the assignment of elevation data to the different system components and junctions. The potential use of the model for small utilities is discussed along with some example applications to existing systems.