Abstract
Background Among early adolescents in the United States (U.S.), the prevalence of cigarette smoking is at its lowest level in recent decades. Nonetheless, given the risks of smoking in early development, it remains critically important to study both risk factors for smoking and risks from smoking. This longitudinal study with U.S. early adolescents examines smoking initiation and tests a model of reciprocal prediction between ever smoking and the personality trait of urgency (i.e., mood-based impulsivity), a trait that increases risk for multiple forms of dysfunction. Methods Participants (n = 1906; 90% 10–11 years old, 50% female, 39% racial minorities at baseline) completed questionnaires 1–2 times per year starting in 5th grade and ending in 9th grade. Structural equation modeling allowed tests of bidirectional relationships between ever smoking and urgency controlling for pubertal status and negative affect at each wave. Results Incidence of ever smoking increased from 5% to 27% over time, with current smoking around 5% at the last wave. Urgency at each wave predicted ever smoking at the next wave above and beyond covariates and prior smoking (all p < 0.01). Likewise, with one exception, ever smoking predicted an increase in urgency at the subsequent wave above and beyond covariates and prior urgency (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Results show that risk for smoking increases with higher levels of urgency and urgency increases secondary to engagement in smoking. Future work should therefore explore urgency as a point of prevention for smoking and smoking cessation as a means to mitigate mood-based impulsivity.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 519-526 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Drug and Alcohol Dependence |
Volume | 178 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 1 2017 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant numbers R01 AA016166 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to G.T. Smith and K07 CA181351 from the National Cancer Institute to J.L. Burris). Its content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding source. The National Institutes of Health had no role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication.
Funders | Funder number |
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National Institutes of Health (NIH) | R01 AA016166 |
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism | K07 CA181351 |
National Childhood Cancer Registry – National Cancer Institute | P30CA177558 |
Keywords
- Adolescence
- Impulsivity
- Longitudinal design
- Smoking
- Urgency
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Toxicology
- Pharmacology
- Psychiatry and Mental health
- Pharmacology (medical)