A multi-technique characterization of ZDDP antiwear films formed on Al (Si) alloy (A383) under various conditions

G. Pereira; A. Lachenwitzer; M. Kasrai; P. R. Norton; T. W. Capehart; T. A. Perry; Y. T. Cheng; B. Frazer; P. U.P.A. Gilbert

doi:10.1007/s11249-006-9125-5

A multi-technique characterization of ZDDP antiwear films formed on Al (Si) alloy (A383) under various conditions

G. Pereira, A. Lachenwitzer, M. Kasrai, P. R. Norton, T. W. Capehart, T. A. Perry, Y. T. Cheng, B. Frazer, P. U.P.A. Gilbert

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

45 Scopus citations

Abstract

The simulation of the lubrication of aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) alloy cylinder-bore conditions is an important goal in automotive tribology. This study describes the use of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) to determine the macro-chemistry of zinc-dialkyl-dithiophosphates (ZDDPs) antiwear (AW) films formed on A383, an Al-Si alloy. The temperature dependence of the chemistry and mechanical properties were examined using X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy (X-PEEM), and imaging indentation techniques. Our findings suggest that ZDDPs break down to form polyphosphate glasses, which have different chemical natures and depend on the underlying substrate. Furthermore, the chemical nature of the films appears temperature dependent on both the macro- and micro-scale. Not only are the chemical species different, but the mechanical properties also differ, depending on the region upon which an AW pad is formed. Through the use of focused ion beam (FIB) milling, we can determine the film thickness, which was previously estimated from the P K-edge XANES areal density of samples with known thicknesses.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	103-117
Number of pages	15
Journal	Tribology Letters
Volume	26
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-006-9125-5
State	Published - May 2007

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Mr. Ross Davidson and the rest of the staff at Surface Science Western (SSW) for assistance in acquiring the SEM/EDX data. We are also grateful to Dr. David Munoz-Paniagua for useful discussions regarding nanoindentation, and to Mr. Phil Shaw, Mr. Brian Dalrymple, Mr. Barakat Misk, and Dr. Leighton Coatsworth, all from The University of Western Ontario, and Dr. Todd Simpson from the Nanofabrication Laboratory, also from The University of Western Ontario. We are also obliged to Dr. Franziskus Heigl and Dr. Astrid Jürgensen, from the Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility (CSRF), University of Wisconsin, Madison, for their technical support; Imperial Oil of Canada (ESSO) for oil additives; and the National Science Foundation (NSF) for supporting the SRC under grant # DMR-0537588. This work was financially supported by General Motors of Canada Ltd., General Motors R&D center, the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).

Keywords

FIB
Mechanical properties
Nanoindentation
Polyphosphate
SEM-EDX
Tribofilm
X-PEEM
XANES
ZDDP

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Mechanics of Materials
Mechanical Engineering
Surfaces and Interfaces
Surfaces, Coatings and Films

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10.1007/s11249-006-9125-5

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title = "A multi-technique characterization of ZDDP antiwear films formed on Al (Si) alloy (A383) under various conditions",

abstract = "The simulation of the lubrication of aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) alloy cylinder-bore conditions is an important goal in automotive tribology. This study describes the use of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) to determine the macro-chemistry of zinc-dialkyl-dithiophosphates (ZDDPs) antiwear (AW) films formed on A383, an Al-Si alloy. The temperature dependence of the chemistry and mechanical properties were examined using X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy (X-PEEM), and imaging indentation techniques. Our findings suggest that ZDDPs break down to form polyphosphate glasses, which have different chemical natures and depend on the underlying substrate. Furthermore, the chemical nature of the films appears temperature dependent on both the macro- and micro-scale. Not only are the chemical species different, but the mechanical properties also differ, depending on the region upon which an AW pad is formed. Through the use of focused ion beam (FIB) milling, we can determine the film thickness, which was previously estimated from the P K-edge XANES areal density of samples with known thicknesses.",

keywords = "FIB, Mechanical properties, Nanoindentation, Polyphosphate, SEM-EDX, Tribofilm, X-PEEM, XANES, ZDDP",

author = "G. Pereira and A. Lachenwitzer and M. Kasrai and Norton, {P. R.} and Capehart, {T. W.} and Perry, {T. A.} and Cheng, {Y. T.} and B. Frazer and Gilbert, {P. U.P.A.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Mr. Ross Davidson and the rest of the staff at Surface Science Western (SSW) for assistance in acquiring the SEM/EDX data. We are also grateful to Dr. David Munoz-Paniagua for useful discussions regarding nanoindentation, and to Mr. Phil Shaw, Mr. Brian Dalrymple, Mr. Barakat Misk, and Dr. Leighton Coatsworth, all from The University of Western Ontario, and Dr. Todd Simpson from the Nanofabrication Laboratory, also from The University of Western Ontario. We are also obliged to Dr. Franziskus Heigl and Dr. Astrid J{\"u}rgensen, from the Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility (CSRF), University of Wisconsin, Madison, for their technical support; Imperial Oil of Canada (ESSO) for oil additives; and the National Science Foundation (NSF) for supporting the SRC under grant # DMR-0537588. This work was financially supported by General Motors of Canada Ltd., General Motors R&D center, the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).",

year = "2007",

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doi = "10.1007/s11249-006-9125-5",

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AU - Pereira, G.

AU - Lachenwitzer, A.

AU - Kasrai, M.

AU - Norton, P. R.

AU - Capehart, T. W.

AU - Perry, T. A.

AU - Cheng, Y. T.

AU - Frazer, B.

AU - Gilbert, P. U.P.A.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Mr. Ross Davidson and the rest of the staff at Surface Science Western (SSW) for assistance in acquiring the SEM/EDX data. We are also grateful to Dr. David Munoz-Paniagua for useful discussions regarding nanoindentation, and to Mr. Phil Shaw, Mr. Brian Dalrymple, Mr. Barakat Misk, and Dr. Leighton Coatsworth, all from The University of Western Ontario, and Dr. Todd Simpson from the Nanofabrication Laboratory, also from The University of Western Ontario. We are also obliged to Dr. Franziskus Heigl and Dr. Astrid Jürgensen, from the Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility (CSRF), University of Wisconsin, Madison, for their technical support; Imperial Oil of Canada (ESSO) for oil additives; and the National Science Foundation (NSF) for supporting the SRC under grant # DMR-0537588. This work was financially supported by General Motors of Canada Ltd., General Motors R&D center, the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).

PY - 2007/5

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N2 - The simulation of the lubrication of aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) alloy cylinder-bore conditions is an important goal in automotive tribology. This study describes the use of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) to determine the macro-chemistry of zinc-dialkyl-dithiophosphates (ZDDPs) antiwear (AW) films formed on A383, an Al-Si alloy. The temperature dependence of the chemistry and mechanical properties were examined using X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy (X-PEEM), and imaging indentation techniques. Our findings suggest that ZDDPs break down to form polyphosphate glasses, which have different chemical natures and depend on the underlying substrate. Furthermore, the chemical nature of the films appears temperature dependent on both the macro- and micro-scale. Not only are the chemical species different, but the mechanical properties also differ, depending on the region upon which an AW pad is formed. Through the use of focused ion beam (FIB) milling, we can determine the film thickness, which was previously estimated from the P K-edge XANES areal density of samples with known thicknesses.

AB - The simulation of the lubrication of aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) alloy cylinder-bore conditions is an important goal in automotive tribology. This study describes the use of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) to determine the macro-chemistry of zinc-dialkyl-dithiophosphates (ZDDPs) antiwear (AW) films formed on A383, an Al-Si alloy. The temperature dependence of the chemistry and mechanical properties were examined using X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy (X-PEEM), and imaging indentation techniques. Our findings suggest that ZDDPs break down to form polyphosphate glasses, which have different chemical natures and depend on the underlying substrate. Furthermore, the chemical nature of the films appears temperature dependent on both the macro- and micro-scale. Not only are the chemical species different, but the mechanical properties also differ, depending on the region upon which an AW pad is formed. Through the use of focused ion beam (FIB) milling, we can determine the film thickness, which was previously estimated from the P K-edge XANES areal density of samples with known thicknesses.

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KW - Mechanical properties

KW - Nanoindentation

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KW - SEM-EDX

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KW - X-PEEM

KW - XANES

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VL - 26

SP - 103

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JO - Tribology Letters

JF - Tribology Letters

IS - 2

ER -

A multi-technique characterization of ZDDP antiwear films formed on Al (Si) alloy (A383) under various conditions

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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