A new species of Contarinia Rondani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces flower galls on canola (Brassicaceae) in the Canadian prairies

Boyd A. Mori; Lars Andreassen; James D. Heal; Julian R. Dupuis; Juliana J. Soroka; Bradley J. Sinclair

doi:10.4039/tce.2018.63

A new species of Contarinia Rondani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces flower galls on canola (Brassicaceae) in the Canadian prairies

Boyd A. Mori, Lars Andreassen, James D. Heal, Julian R. Dupuis, Juliana J. Soroka, Bradley J. Sinclair

Entomology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

A new species, Contarinia brassicola Sinclair (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), which induces flower galls on canola (Brassica napus Linnaeus and Brassica rapa Linnaeus (Brassicaceae)), is described from Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada. Larvae develop in the flowers of canola, which causes swelling and prevents opening, pod formation, and seed set. Mature larvae exit the galls, fall to the soil, and form cocoons. Depending on conditions, larvae will either pupate and eclose in the same calendar year or enter facultative diapause and emerge the following year. At least two generations of C. brassicola occur each year. Adults emerge from overwintering cocoons in the spring and lay eggs on developing canola flower buds. The galls produced by C. brassicola were previously attributed to the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer) in Saskatchewan; here, we compare and list several characters to differentiate the two species.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	131-148
Number of pages	18
Journal	Canadian Entomologist
Volume	151
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2018.63
State	Published - Apr 1 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank Larry Grenkow, Stephanie Harris, Taylor Kaye, Nancy Melnychuk, Jennifer Holowachuk, Dr. Owen Olfert, Dr. Meghan Vankosky, and a plethora of summer students for their help with field collections. We thank Scott Meers and Shelley Barkley (Alberta Agriculture and Forestry) for surveying and collecting Alberta samples.We would also like to thank Dr. Lubomir Masner and Dr. Gary Gibson for parasitoid identification. We thank Jonathon Williams, Tyler Wist, and Shane Hladun for their photography assistance. We are grateful to all our producer co-operators for allowing field access; in particular, we would like to thank Kent Baxter, Norman Enns, Ian Rushmer, and Jamie Freedman. This work was also aided from the help of Wade Annand, Tim Perkins, Lyle Cowell, and Mark Gordon. Funding for this project was provided by the Canola Council of Canada's Canola Agronomic Research Program (CARP) funded by SaskCanola, the Alberta Canola Producers Commission, and the Manitoba Canola Growers Association. Further support was provided by the Alberta Crop Industry Development Fund (ACIDF). Michelle Locke (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes) kindly assisted in creating the image of the male terminalia. Karen McLachlan Hamilton (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), Graham Thurston (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), Ray Gagné (Smithsonian Institute), and an anonymous reviewer kindly provided comments on earlier versions of the manuscript.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Entomological Society of Canada.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Structural Biology
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Physiology
Molecular Biology
Insect Science

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10.4039/tce.2018.63

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title = "A new species of Contarinia Rondani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces flower galls on canola (Brassicaceae) in the Canadian prairies",

abstract = "A new species, Contarinia brassicola Sinclair (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), which induces flower galls on canola (Brassica napus Linnaeus and Brassica rapa Linnaeus (Brassicaceae)), is described from Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada. Larvae develop in the flowers of canola, which causes swelling and prevents opening, pod formation, and seed set. Mature larvae exit the galls, fall to the soil, and form cocoons. Depending on conditions, larvae will either pupate and eclose in the same calendar year or enter facultative diapause and emerge the following year. At least two generations of C. brassicola occur each year. Adults emerge from overwintering cocoons in the spring and lay eggs on developing canola flower buds. The galls produced by C. brassicola were previously attributed to the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer) in Saskatchewan; here, we compare and list several characters to differentiate the two species.",

author = "Mori, {Boyd A.} and Lars Andreassen and Heal, {James D.} and Dupuis, {Julian R.} and Soroka, {Juliana J.} and Sinclair, {Bradley J.}",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Larry Grenkow, Stephanie Harris, Taylor Kaye, Nancy Melnychuk, Jennifer Holowachuk, Dr. Owen Olfert, Dr. Meghan Vankosky, and a plethora of summer students for their help with field collections. We thank Scott Meers and Shelley Barkley (Alberta Agriculture and Forestry) for surveying and collecting Alberta samples.We would also like to thank Dr. Lubomir Masner and Dr. Gary Gibson for parasitoid identification. We thank Jonathon Williams, Tyler Wist, and Shane Hladun for their photography assistance. We are grateful to all our producer co-operators for allowing field access; in particular, we would like to thank Kent Baxter, Norman Enns, Ian Rushmer, and Jamie Freedman. This work was also aided from the help of Wade Annand, Tim Perkins, Lyle Cowell, and Mark Gordon. Funding for this project was provided by the Canola Council of Canada's Canola Agronomic Research Program (CARP) funded by SaskCanola, the Alberta Canola Producers Commission, and the Manitoba Canola Growers Association. Further support was provided by the Alberta Crop Industry Development Fund (ACIDF). Michelle Locke (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes) kindly assisted in creating the image of the male terminalia. Karen McLachlan Hamilton (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), Graham Thurston (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), Ray Gagn{\'e} (Smithsonian Institute), and an anonymous reviewer kindly provided comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Entomological Society of Canada.",

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AU - Dupuis, Julian R.

AU - Soroka, Juliana J.

AU - Sinclair, Bradley J.

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N2 - A new species, Contarinia brassicola Sinclair (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), which induces flower galls on canola (Brassica napus Linnaeus and Brassica rapa Linnaeus (Brassicaceae)), is described from Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada. Larvae develop in the flowers of canola, which causes swelling and prevents opening, pod formation, and seed set. Mature larvae exit the galls, fall to the soil, and form cocoons. Depending on conditions, larvae will either pupate and eclose in the same calendar year or enter facultative diapause and emerge the following year. At least two generations of C. brassicola occur each year. Adults emerge from overwintering cocoons in the spring and lay eggs on developing canola flower buds. The galls produced by C. brassicola were previously attributed to the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer) in Saskatchewan; here, we compare and list several characters to differentiate the two species.

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A new species of Contarinia Rondani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces flower galls on canola (Brassicaceae) in the Canadian prairies

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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