A pilot study of plasma caffeine concentrations in a US sample of smoker and nonsmoker volunteers

Jose De Leon; Francisco J. Diaz; Thea Rogers; Debra Browne; Lori Dinsmore; Omar H. Ghosheh; Linda P. Dwoskin; Peter A. Crooks

doi:10.1016/S0278-5846(02)00348-2

A pilot study of plasma caffeine concentrations in a US sample of smoker and nonsmoker volunteers

Jose De Leon, Francisco J. Diaz, Thea Rogers, Debra Browne, Lori Dinsmore, Omar H. Ghosheh, Linda P. Dwoskin, Peter A. Crooks

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

70 Scopus citations

Abstract

Even though 85% of adults drink caffeinated beverages daily, very limited studies on plasma caffeine concentration in the US population have been published. Smoking induces cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), which is the main enzyme involved in caffeine metabolism. The current naturalistic pilot study explores plasma caffeine concentrations in a US sample, and presents a mathematical model of the relationship between caffeine intake and plasma concentrations for smokers and nonsmokers. Caffeine intake and average plasma caffeine concentrations from morning (7:30-9:30 a.m.) and afternoon (2:00-4:00 p.m.) samples were studied in 69 volunteers (21 smokers and 48 nonsmokers). The mean caffeine intake obtained from caffeinated beverages was 3.02 mg/kg/day, which is similar to the intake in the US population. Almost all subjects in the present sample (99%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 96-100) had detectable plasma caffeine concentrations. Smokers had significantly higher caffeine intake than nonsmokers. The ratio of concentration/dose of caffeine from caffeinated beverages was approximately four-fold higher in nonsmokers (1.33 kg×day/l) than in smokers (0.29 kg×day/l). According to the model, the median plasma caffeine concentration was two- to three-fold higher in nonsmokers for each level of caffeine intake. Our model improves our understanding of the interactions between caffeine and smoking. Additional studies are needed to replicate the model. This model may help epidemiologists to correct for the effects of smoking on caffeine intake and pharmacologists to screen for the activity of CYP1A2.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	165-171
Number of pages	7
Journal	Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Volume	27
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-5846(02)00348-2
State	Published - Feb 2003

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was partly supported by grants MH-51380 from the National Institute of Mental Health (JdL); DA-08656 (LD and PC) and DA-00399 (LD) from the National Institute of Drug Abuse; a National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD) Young Investigator Award (TR) and a supplement to the NARSAD grant from Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation/Department of Psychiatry University of Kentucky through University Collaboration Project (TR). FD was supported by a grant from the Kentucky Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation and the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Kentucky through the University Collaboration Project, and by a fellowship from the Department of Statistics of the University of Kentucky. OG was a graduate student in the Pharmaceutical Sciences PhD program at UK during the course of this study. Jenny Boyle, BS, Jimmie Brumagen, RN, Lynn Weddle, RN and Meg Susce, RN helped with the data collection.

Keywords

Caffeine
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Metabolism
Smoking
Tobacco

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Pharmacology
Biological Psychiatry

Access to Document

10.1016/S0278-5846(02)00348-2

Cite this

@article{6ab44c79f88d4518a1c7f6ca2fee61e6,

title = "A pilot study of plasma caffeine concentrations in a US sample of smoker and nonsmoker volunteers",

abstract = "Even though 85% of adults drink caffeinated beverages daily, very limited studies on plasma caffeine concentration in the US population have been published. Smoking induces cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), which is the main enzyme involved in caffeine metabolism. The current naturalistic pilot study explores plasma caffeine concentrations in a US sample, and presents a mathematical model of the relationship between caffeine intake and plasma concentrations for smokers and nonsmokers. Caffeine intake and average plasma caffeine concentrations from morning (7:30-9:30 a.m.) and afternoon (2:00-4:00 p.m.) samples were studied in 69 volunteers (21 smokers and 48 nonsmokers). The mean caffeine intake obtained from caffeinated beverages was 3.02 mg/kg/day, which is similar to the intake in the US population. Almost all subjects in the present sample (99%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 96-100) had detectable plasma caffeine concentrations. Smokers had significantly higher caffeine intake than nonsmokers. The ratio of concentration/dose of caffeine from caffeinated beverages was approximately four-fold higher in nonsmokers (1.33 kg×day/l) than in smokers (0.29 kg×day/l). According to the model, the median plasma caffeine concentration was two- to three-fold higher in nonsmokers for each level of caffeine intake. Our model improves our understanding of the interactions between caffeine and smoking. Additional studies are needed to replicate the model. This model may help epidemiologists to correct for the effects of smoking on caffeine intake and pharmacologists to screen for the activity of CYP1A2.",

keywords = "Caffeine, Cytochrome P450 1A2, Metabolism, Smoking, Tobacco",

author = "{De Leon}, Jose and Diaz, {Francisco J.} and Thea Rogers and Debra Browne and Lori Dinsmore and Ghosheh, {Omar H.} and Dwoskin, {Linda P.} and Crooks, {Peter A.}",

note = "Funding Information: This study was partly supported by grants MH-51380 from the National Institute of Mental Health (JdL); DA-08656 (LD and PC) and DA-00399 (LD) from the National Institute of Drug Abuse; a National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD) Young Investigator Award (TR) and a supplement to the NARSAD grant from Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation/Department of Psychiatry University of Kentucky through University Collaboration Project (TR). FD was supported by a grant from the Kentucky Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation and the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Kentucky through the University Collaboration Project, and by a fellowship from the Department of Statistics of the University of Kentucky. OG was a graduate student in the Pharmaceutical Sciences PhD program at UK during the course of this study. Jenny Boyle, BS, Jimmie Brumagen, RN, Lynn Weddle, RN and Meg Susce, RN helped with the data collection.",

year = "2003",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1016/S0278-5846(02)00348-2",

language = "English",

volume = "27",

pages = "165--171",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - A pilot study of plasma caffeine concentrations in a US sample of smoker and nonsmoker volunteers

AU - De Leon, Jose

AU - Diaz, Francisco J.

AU - Rogers, Thea

AU - Browne, Debra

AU - Dinsmore, Lori

AU - Ghosheh, Omar H.

AU - Dwoskin, Linda P.

AU - Crooks, Peter A.

N1 - Funding Information: This study was partly supported by grants MH-51380 from the National Institute of Mental Health (JdL); DA-08656 (LD and PC) and DA-00399 (LD) from the National Institute of Drug Abuse; a National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD) Young Investigator Award (TR) and a supplement to the NARSAD grant from Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation/Department of Psychiatry University of Kentucky through University Collaboration Project (TR). FD was supported by a grant from the Kentucky Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation and the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Kentucky through the University Collaboration Project, and by a fellowship from the Department of Statistics of the University of Kentucky. OG was a graduate student in the Pharmaceutical Sciences PhD program at UK during the course of this study. Jenny Boyle, BS, Jimmie Brumagen, RN, Lynn Weddle, RN and Meg Susce, RN helped with the data collection.

PY - 2003/2

Y1 - 2003/2

N2 - Even though 85% of adults drink caffeinated beverages daily, very limited studies on plasma caffeine concentration in the US population have been published. Smoking induces cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), which is the main enzyme involved in caffeine metabolism. The current naturalistic pilot study explores plasma caffeine concentrations in a US sample, and presents a mathematical model of the relationship between caffeine intake and plasma concentrations for smokers and nonsmokers. Caffeine intake and average plasma caffeine concentrations from morning (7:30-9:30 a.m.) and afternoon (2:00-4:00 p.m.) samples were studied in 69 volunteers (21 smokers and 48 nonsmokers). The mean caffeine intake obtained from caffeinated beverages was 3.02 mg/kg/day, which is similar to the intake in the US population. Almost all subjects in the present sample (99%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 96-100) had detectable plasma caffeine concentrations. Smokers had significantly higher caffeine intake than nonsmokers. The ratio of concentration/dose of caffeine from caffeinated beverages was approximately four-fold higher in nonsmokers (1.33 kg×day/l) than in smokers (0.29 kg×day/l). According to the model, the median plasma caffeine concentration was two- to three-fold higher in nonsmokers for each level of caffeine intake. Our model improves our understanding of the interactions between caffeine and smoking. Additional studies are needed to replicate the model. This model may help epidemiologists to correct for the effects of smoking on caffeine intake and pharmacologists to screen for the activity of CYP1A2.

AB - Even though 85% of adults drink caffeinated beverages daily, very limited studies on plasma caffeine concentration in the US population have been published. Smoking induces cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), which is the main enzyme involved in caffeine metabolism. The current naturalistic pilot study explores plasma caffeine concentrations in a US sample, and presents a mathematical model of the relationship between caffeine intake and plasma concentrations for smokers and nonsmokers. Caffeine intake and average plasma caffeine concentrations from morning (7:30-9:30 a.m.) and afternoon (2:00-4:00 p.m.) samples were studied in 69 volunteers (21 smokers and 48 nonsmokers). The mean caffeine intake obtained from caffeinated beverages was 3.02 mg/kg/day, which is similar to the intake in the US population. Almost all subjects in the present sample (99%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 96-100) had detectable plasma caffeine concentrations. Smokers had significantly higher caffeine intake than nonsmokers. The ratio of concentration/dose of caffeine from caffeinated beverages was approximately four-fold higher in nonsmokers (1.33 kg×day/l) than in smokers (0.29 kg×day/l). According to the model, the median plasma caffeine concentration was two- to three-fold higher in nonsmokers for each level of caffeine intake. Our model improves our understanding of the interactions between caffeine and smoking. Additional studies are needed to replicate the model. This model may help epidemiologists to correct for the effects of smoking on caffeine intake and pharmacologists to screen for the activity of CYP1A2.

KW - Caffeine

KW - Cytochrome P450 1A2

KW - Metabolism

KW - Smoking

KW - Tobacco

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0037306007&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0037306007&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/S0278-5846(02)00348-2

DO - 10.1016/S0278-5846(02)00348-2

M3 - Article

C2 - 12551740

AN - SCOPUS:0037306007

SN - 0278-5846

VL - 27

SP - 165

EP - 171

JO - Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

JF - Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

IS - 1

ER -

A pilot study of plasma caffeine concentrations in a US sample of smoker and nonsmoker volunteers

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this