Abstract
Multiple binary outcomes are encountered frequently in epidemiologic research. This work was motivated by the Maternal Lifestyle Study, 1993-1995, where newborns exposed prenatally to cocaine and a comparison cohort were examined for the presence of central and autonomic nervous system (CNS/ANS) signs. Thus, each infant contributed to multiple, possibly interrelated, binary outcomes that may collectively constitute one syndrome (even though specific outcomes that are affected by cocaine are of scientific interest). Because it is neither scientifically appropriate nor statistically efficient to fit separate models for each outcome, here we adopt a multivariate repeated measures approach to simultaneously model all the CNS/ANS outcomes as a function of cocaine exposure and other covariates. This formulation has a number of advantages. First, it implicitly recognizes that all the CNS/ANS outcomes may together constitute one syndrome. Second, simultaneous modeling boosts statistical efficiency by allowing for correlations among the outcomes, and it avoids multiple comparisons. Third, it allows for outcome-specific exposure effects, so that the specific signs that are affected by cocaine exposure can be identified.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 891-899 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | American Journal of Epidemiology |
Volume | 159 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 1 2004 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The Maternal Lifestyle Study is supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development through cooperative agreements U10 HD 27856, U10 HD 21397, U10 HD 21385, U10 HD 27904, U01 HD 36790, and U01 HD 19897, as well as by interagency agreements with the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, and Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
Keywords
- Binary data
- Generalized estimating equation
- Generalized linear mixed model
- Multiple comparisons
- Repeated measures
- Simultaneous inference
- Syndrome
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Epidemiology