Abstract
The Circular Economy (CE) is identified as a solution to address negative impacts due to conventional ‘take-make-consume-dispose’ practices. We posit that a new business model termed Lease & Sell, which integrates the product-service-system (PSS) strategy with product sale for ownership, could enhance opportunities to promote circularity. This paper presents a simulation-based optimization approach for closed-loop network design to make location and allocation decisions when implementing a Lease & Sell strategy. The proposed approach is applied to the case of appliance manufacturer to compare performance when the company only sells product for ownership vs. when a Lease & Sell strategy is applied. Results show that while profitability increases with Lease & Sell when more End of Life (EoL) strategies are introduced (i.e., reuse, remanufacture, and recycling), the selling price for products in secondary markets has a higher impact on overall benefits. Findings also show that trade-offs exist between profitability, lead time, and social objectives.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 761-775 |
Number of pages | 15 |
Journal | Sustainable Production and Consumption |
Volume | 30 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Mar 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers
Keywords
- Circular economy
- Discrete event simulation
- Multi objective optimization
- Product service systems
- Supply chain network design
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Environmental Engineering
- Environmental Chemistry
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering