TY - JOUR
T1 - Abnormal Biomechanics at 6 Months Are Associated With Cartilage Degeneration at 3 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
AU - Shimizu, Tomohiro
AU - Samaan, Michael A.
AU - Tanaka, Matthew S.
AU - Pedoia, Valentina
AU - Souza, Richard B.
AU - Li, Xiaojuan
AU - Ma, C. Benjamin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Arthroscopy Association of North America
PY - 2019/2
Y1 - 2019/2
N2 - Purpose: To investigate the changes in landing biomechanics over a 3-year period and their correlation with cartilage degenerative changes in the medial tibiofemoral joint of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using magnetic resonance T1ρ mapping. Methods: Thirty-one anterior cruciate ligament–injured patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the injured knee before ACLR and 3 years after ACLR, as well as biomechanical analysis of a drop-landing task at 6 months and 3 years after ACLR. Sixteen healthy individuals were recruited and underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging and biomechanical assessment during a drop-landing task. T1ρ cartilage relaxation times were calculated for the medial femur and tibia. Results: ACLR patients exhibited increased peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), VGRF impulse, peak knee flexion moment (KFM), and KFM impulse from 6 months to 3 years (P <.001 for each). Although the ACLR knees showed significantly lower peak VGRF and KFM at 6 months (P <.001 for both) when compared with the controls, there were no significant differences at 3 years. At 3 years, ACLR patients showed higher T1ρ values over the medial femur (P <.001) and tibia (P =.012) when compared with their preoperative values and with healthy control values. Within the ACLR group, side-to-side differences in peak VGRF and sagittal knee biomechanics at 6 months were associated with increased T1ρ values from baseline to 3 years. Conclusions: The results of this longitudinal study show that landing biomechanics are altered after ACLR but biomechanical abnormalities tend to recover at 3 years after ACLR. Differences in lower-extremity mechanics during a landing task at 6 months may be associated with cartilage degeneration at 3 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective trial.
AB - Purpose: To investigate the changes in landing biomechanics over a 3-year period and their correlation with cartilage degenerative changes in the medial tibiofemoral joint of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using magnetic resonance T1ρ mapping. Methods: Thirty-one anterior cruciate ligament–injured patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the injured knee before ACLR and 3 years after ACLR, as well as biomechanical analysis of a drop-landing task at 6 months and 3 years after ACLR. Sixteen healthy individuals were recruited and underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging and biomechanical assessment during a drop-landing task. T1ρ cartilage relaxation times were calculated for the medial femur and tibia. Results: ACLR patients exhibited increased peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), VGRF impulse, peak knee flexion moment (KFM), and KFM impulse from 6 months to 3 years (P <.001 for each). Although the ACLR knees showed significantly lower peak VGRF and KFM at 6 months (P <.001 for both) when compared with the controls, there were no significant differences at 3 years. At 3 years, ACLR patients showed higher T1ρ values over the medial femur (P <.001) and tibia (P =.012) when compared with their preoperative values and with healthy control values. Within the ACLR group, side-to-side differences in peak VGRF and sagittal knee biomechanics at 6 months were associated with increased T1ρ values from baseline to 3 years. Conclusions: The results of this longitudinal study show that landing biomechanics are altered after ACLR but biomechanical abnormalities tend to recover at 3 years after ACLR. Differences in lower-extremity mechanics during a landing task at 6 months may be associated with cartilage degeneration at 3 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective trial.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.arthro.2018.07.033
DO - 10.1016/j.arthro.2018.07.033
M3 - Article
C2 - 30473456
AN - SCOPUS:85056822217
SN - 0749-8063
VL - 35
SP - 511
EP - 520
JO - Arthroscopy - Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery
JF - Arthroscopy - Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery
IS - 2
ER -