Abnormal permeability of inner and outer mitochondrial membranes contributes independently to mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver during acute endotoxemia

Elliott D. Crouser, Mark W. Julian, Jennifer E. Huff, Mandar S. Joshi, John A. Bauer, Martha E. Gadd, Mark D. Wewers, Douglas R. Pfeiffer

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

76 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: This study was designed to determine the role played by the mitochondrial permeability transition in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial damage and dysfunction in a representative systemic organ during the acute phase of endotoxemia. Design: A well-established, normotensive feline model was employed to determine whether pretreatment with cyclosporine A, a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition, normalizes mitochondrial ultrastructural injury and dysfunction in the liver during acute endotoxemia. Setting: The Ohio State University Medical Center research laboratory. Subjects: Random source, adult, male conditioned cats. Interventions: Hemodynamic resuscitation and maintenance of acid-base balance and tissue oxygen availability were provided, as needed, to minimize the potentially confounding effects of tissue hypoxia and/or acidosis on the experimental results. Treatment groups received isotonic saline vehicle (control; n = 6), lipopolysaccharide (3.0 mg/kg, intravenously, n = 8), or cyclosporine A (6.0 mg/kg, intravenously; n = 6) or tacrolimus (FK506, 0.1 mg/kg, intravenously; n = 4) followed in 30 mins by lipopolysaccharide (3.0 mg/kg, intravenously). Liver samples were obtained 4 hrs posttreatment, and mitochondrial ultrastructure, function, and cytochrome c, Bax, and ceramide contents were assessed. Measurements and Main Results: As expected, significant mitochondrial injury was apparent in the liver 4 hrs after lipopolysaccharide treatment, despite maintenance of regional tissue oxygen availability. Namely, mitochondria demonstrated high-amplitude swelling and exhibited altered respiratory function. Cyclosporine A pretreatment attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities and normalized mitochondrial respiratory control, reflecting protection against inner mitochondrial membrane damage. However, an abnormal permeability of outer mitochondrial membranes to cytocnrome c was observed in all lipopolysaccharide- treated groups and was associated with increased mitochondrial concentrations of Bax and ceramide. Conclusions: These studies confirm that liver mitochondria are early targets of injury during endotoxemia and that inner and outer mitochondrial membrane damage occurs through different mechanisms. Inner mitochondrial membrane damage appears to relate to the mitochondrial permeability transition, whereas outer mitochondrial membrane damage can occur independent of the mitochondrial permeability transition. Preliminary evidence suggests that Bax may participate in lipopolysaccharide-induced outer mitochondrial membrane damage, but further investigations are needed to confirm this.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)478-488
Number of pages11
JournalCritical Care Medicine
Volume32
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 2004

Funding

FundersFunder number
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)R01HL063067

    Keywords

    • Bax
    • Ceramide
    • Cyclosporin A
    • Electron microscopy
    • Mitochondrial permeability transition
    • Sepsis

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine

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