Abstract
T independent antigens elicit antibody responses in the absence of carrier specific T helper cells but require signals from accessory cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) or specific cytokines. They are further subdivided into TI-1 and TI-2 categories based on the ability of TI-1 but not TI-2 antigens to elicit immune responses from neonates. Most bacterial polysaccharides including the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines belong to the TI-2 class. It is hypothesized that defects in accessory cell function play a critical role in the failure of neonates to respond to such TI-2 antigens. Immune responses to these TI-2 stimuli are also reduced in the aged, also due to a quantitative deficiency in accessory cells. Agents that can stimulate accessory cell function may provide an alternative strategy to improve the immunogenicity of the polysaccharide vaccines in the neonates and the aged.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 557-565 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Vaccine |
| Volume | 19 |
| Issue number | 4-5 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Oct 15 2000 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Our thanks are due to Dr Niranjan Goud, Dr Manju Garg, Dr Wei Luo and Dr Alan Kaplan, who played an important role in the early development of these systems. These studies are supported by the NIH grants AI21490 and AG05731 to SB.
Keywords
- B cells
- Cytokines
- Humoral response
- IL-1
- Pneumococcal vaccine
- Splenectomy
- TNP-Ficoll
- Thymus independent antigens
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Molecular Medicine
- General Immunology and Microbiology
- General Veterinary
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
- Infectious Diseases
