Abstract
Age potentiates neurodegeneration and impairs recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI). Previously, we observed that age alters the balance of destructive (M1) and protective (M2) macrophages; however, the age-related pathophysiology in SCI is poorly understood. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) contributes to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated damage and macrophage activation in neurotrauma. Further, NOX and ROS increase with central nervous system age. Here, we found significantly higher ROS generation in 14 versus 4-month-old (MO) mice after contusion SCI. Notably, NOX2 increased in 14 MO ROS-producing macrophages suggesting that macrophages and NOX contribute to SCI oxidative stress. Indicators of lipid peroxidation, a downstream cytotoxic effect of ROS accumulation, were significantly higher in 14 versus 4 MO SCI mice. We also detected a higher percentage of ROS-producing M2 (Arginase-1-positive) macrophages in 14 versus 4 MO mice, a previously unreported SCI phenotype, and increased M1 (CD16/32-positive) macrophages with age. Thus, NOX and ROS are age-related mediators of SCI pathophysiology and normally protective M2 macrophages may potentiate secondary injury through ROS generation in the aged injured spinal cord.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 157-167 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Neurobiology of Aging |
Volume | 47 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 1 2016 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2016 Elsevier Inc.
Keywords
- Aging
- Arginase-1
- Dihydroethidium
- Macrophage polarization
- Microglia
- gp91
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Neuroscience
- Aging
- Clinical Neurology
- Developmental Biology
- Geriatrics and Gerontology