Abstract
Phylogenetic and antigenic analyses indicate that recent circulating equine-2 influenza viruses in the United States have been alternating between two genetic and antigenic distinct lineages since 1996. The evolution rates for these two lineages, the Kentucky and the Florida lineage, are very similar. For the earlier isolates in the Kentucky lineage, there are multiple and sequential nonsynonymous substitutions at antigenic sites B and D. However, there are no changes at any of these antigenic sites for KY98 and OK00. In the Florida lineage, except for NY99 with one amino acid substitution at antigenic site B, viruses in this lineage do not have nonsynonymous substitutions at any of the antigenic sites. The lack of amino acid substitutions at these antigenic sites suggests a mechanism other than immune selection is responsible for the maintenance of these viral lineages. Serological analysis indicates that these two lineages are antigenic distinct, and the pattern of reactivity of horse sera towards these two lineages alternates in consecutive years, parallel to the "switching" of virus lineage seen in the phylogenetic tree. This alternate circulation may play a role in the maintenance of these two lineages of equine-2 influenza virus.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 159-164 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Journal | Virus Research |
Volume | 100 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Mar 15 2004 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We are grateful for the technical assistance of Kristen Hall, Elin Jaensson, and Janet Rogers. We also thank Dr. Charles MacAllister for his assistance in virus isolation. This work was funded by grants from the College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University, and from Fort Dodge Animal Health Laboratories.
Funding
We are grateful for the technical assistance of Kristen Hall, Elin Jaensson, and Janet Rogers. We also thank Dr. Charles MacAllister for his assistance in virus isolation. This work was funded by grants from the College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University, and from Fort Dodge Animal Health Laboratories.
Funders | Funder number |
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Fort Dodge Animal Health Laboratories | |
Southwestern Oklahoma State Univ. | |
College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University |
Keywords
- Alternate circulation
- Equine influenza virus (H3N8)
- Evolution
- Hemagglutinin (HA)
- Phylogenetic analysis
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Cancer Research
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases