Anti-müllerian hormone as a diagnostic marker for equine cryptorchidism in three cases with equivocal testosterone concentrations

Cryptorchidism is a developmental disorder which can be diagnosed by a variety of different tests. Still, equine field veterinarians often rely on endocrine markers to detect retained testicular tissue. This report describes the value of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) as a diagnostic marker for cryptorchidism in three stallions suspected of cryptorchidism, with equivalent serum testosterone concentrations. A single measurement of AMH identified cryptorchidism, with inconclusive testosterone concentrations as either gelding or stallion. Furthermore, a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation test or surgery was performed to support the diagnostic value of AMH. To conclude, the endocrine panel for cryptorchidism should be expanded to include determination of serum AMH, as this determination can increase the diagnostic accuracy of a single blood sample.