TY - JOUR
T1 - Antigen-Specific Antibody Signature Is Associated with COVID-19 Outcome
AU - Salgado, Bárbara Batista
AU - Jordão, Maele Ferreira
AU - de Morais, Thiago Barros do Nascimento
AU - da Silva, Danielle Severino Sena
AU - Pereira Filho, Ivanildo Vieira
AU - Salgado Sobrinho, Wlademir Braga
AU - Carvalho, Nani Oliveira
AU - dos Santos, Rafaella Oliveira
AU - Forato, Julia
AU - Barbosa, Priscilla Paschoal
AU - Toledo-Teixeira, Daniel A.
AU - Pinto, Kerollen Runa
AU - Correia, Ingrid Silva
AU - Cordeiro, Isabelle Bezerra
AU - Souza Neto, Júlio Nino de
AU - Assunção, Enedina Nogueira de
AU - Val, Fernando Fonseca Almeida
AU - Melo, Gisely Cardoso
AU - Sampaio, Vanderson de Souza
AU - Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo
AU - Granja, Fabiana
AU - Souza, William M.de
AU - Astolfi Filho, Spartaco
AU - Proenca-Modena, Jose Luiz
AU - Lalwani, Jaila Dias Borges
AU - Lacerda, Marcus Vinícius Guimarães de
AU - Nogueira, Paulo Afonso
AU - Lalwani, Pritesh
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - Numerous studies have focused on inflammation-related markers to understand COVID-19. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) protein-specific IgA, total IgG and IgG subclass response in COVID-19 patients and compared this to their disease outcome. We observed that the SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a robust IgA and IgG response against the N-terminal (N1) and C-terminal (N3) region of the N protein, whereas we failed to detect IgA antibodies and observed a weak IgG response against the disordered linker region (N2) in COVID-19 patients. N and S protein-specific IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 response was significantly elevated in hospitalized patients with severe disease compared to outpatients with non-severe disease. IgA and total IgG antibody reactivity gradually increased after the first week of symptoms. Magnitude of RBD-ACE2 blocking antibodies identified in a competitive assay and neutralizing antibodies detected by PRNT assay correlated with disease severity. Generally, the IgA and total IgG response between the discharged and deceased COVID-19 patients was similar. However, significant differences in the ratio of IgG subclass antibodies were observed between discharged and deceased patients, especially towards the disordered linker region of the N protein. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to an elevated blood antibody response in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. Monitoring of antigen-specific serological response could be an important tool to accompany disease progression and improve outcomes.
AB - Numerous studies have focused on inflammation-related markers to understand COVID-19. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) protein-specific IgA, total IgG and IgG subclass response in COVID-19 patients and compared this to their disease outcome. We observed that the SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a robust IgA and IgG response against the N-terminal (N1) and C-terminal (N3) region of the N protein, whereas we failed to detect IgA antibodies and observed a weak IgG response against the disordered linker region (N2) in COVID-19 patients. N and S protein-specific IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 response was significantly elevated in hospitalized patients with severe disease compared to outpatients with non-severe disease. IgA and total IgG antibody reactivity gradually increased after the first week of symptoms. Magnitude of RBD-ACE2 blocking antibodies identified in a competitive assay and neutralizing antibodies detected by PRNT assay correlated with disease severity. Generally, the IgA and total IgG response between the discharged and deceased COVID-19 patients was similar. However, significant differences in the ratio of IgG subclass antibodies were observed between discharged and deceased patients, especially towards the disordered linker region of the N protein. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to an elevated blood antibody response in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. Monitoring of antigen-specific serological response could be an important tool to accompany disease progression and improve outcomes.
KW - COVID-19
KW - IgG subclass
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - antibody isotypes
KW - nucleocapsid
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U2 - 10.3390/v15041018
DO - 10.3390/v15041018
M3 - Article
C2 - 37112998
AN - SCOPUS:85156224511
SN - 1999-4915
VL - 15
JO - Viruses
JF - Viruses
IS - 4
M1 - 1018
ER -
