Antigenic and genetic variations in European and North American equine influenza virus strains (H3N8) isolated from 2006 to 2007

Neil A. Bryant; Adam S. Rash; Colin A. Russell; Julie Ross; Annie Cooke; Samantha Bowman; Shona MacRae; Nicola S. Lewis; Romain Paillot; Reto Zanoni; Hanspeter Meier; Lowri A. Griffiths; Janet M. Daly; Ashish Tiwari; Thomas M. Chambers; J. Richard Newton; Debra M. Elton

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.004

Antigenic and genetic variations in European and North American equine influenza virus strains (H3N8) isolated from 2006 to 2007

Neil A. Bryant, Adam S. Rash, Colin A. Russell, Julie Ross, Annie Cooke, Samantha Bowman, Shona MacRae, Nicola S. Lewis, Romain Paillot, Reto Zanoni, Hanspeter Meier, Lowri A. Griffiths, Janet M. Daly, Ashish Tiwari, Thomas M. Chambers, J. Richard Newton, Debra M. Elton

Veterinary Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

142 Scopus citations

Abstract

Equine influenza virus (EIV) surveillance is important in the management of equine influenza. It provides data on circulating and newly emerging strains for vaccine strain selection. To this end, antigenic characterisation by haemaggluttination inhibition (HI) assay and phylogenetic analysis was carried out on 28 EIV strains isolated in North America and Europe during 2006 and 2007. In the UK, 20 viruses were isolated from 28 nasopharyngeal swabs that tested positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All except two of the UK viruses were characterised as members of the Florida sublineage with similarity to A/eq/Newmarket/5/03 (clade 2). One isolate, A/eq/Cheshire/1/06, was characterised as an American lineage strain similar to viruses isolated up to 10 years earlier. A second isolate, A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/07 was characterised as a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 1) with similarity to A/eq/Wisconsin/03. Furthermore, A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/06 was a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 2) by haemagglutinin (HA) gene sequence, but appeared to be a member of the Eurasian lineage by the non-structural gene (NS) sequence suggesting that reassortment had occurred. A/eq/Switzerland/P112/07 was characterised as a member of the Eurasian lineage, the first time since 2005 that isolation of a virus from this lineage has been reported. Seven viruses from North America were classified as members of the Florida sublineage (clade 1), similar to A/eq/Wisconsin/03. In conclusion, a variety of antigenically distinct EIVs continue to circulate worldwide. Florida sublineage clade 1 viruses appear to predominate in North America, clade 2 viruses in Europe.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	41-52
Number of pages	12
Journal	Veterinary Microbiology
Volume	138
Issue number	1-2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.004
State	Published - Jul 2 2009

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We would like to thank Toni-Ann Hammond for excellent technical support for EIV diagnostics, Schering Plough Animal Health and Intervet for subsidising the EIV surveillance programme and Prof. Alan Guthrie (University of Pretoria, SA) for providing us with A/eq/South-Africa/4/03. Study was supported by the Horserace Betting Levy Board (HBLB) and the Animal Health Trust. C.A.R. was supported by a research fellowship from Clare College, University of Cambridge and by the NIH Director's Pioneer Award program, part of the NIH roadmap to medical research, through grant number DP1-OD000490-01. N.S.L. was supported by the Cambridge Infectious Diseases Consortium as part of the DEFRA Veterinary Training and Research Initiative.

Keywords

Equine influenza virus
H3N8
Surveillance
Vaccine strain selection

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Microbiology
General Veterinary

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.004

Cite this

Bryant, N. A., Rash, A. S., Russell, C. A., Ross, J., Cooke, A., Bowman, S., MacRae, S., Lewis, N. S., Paillot, R., Zanoni, R., Meier, H., Griffiths, L. A., Daly, J. M., Tiwari, A., Chambers, T. M., Newton, J. R., & Elton, D. M. (2009). Antigenic and genetic variations in European and North American equine influenza virus strains (H3N8) isolated from 2006 to 2007. Veterinary Microbiology, 138(1-2), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.004

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title = "Antigenic and genetic variations in European and North American equine influenza virus strains (H3N8) isolated from 2006 to 2007",

abstract = "Equine influenza virus (EIV) surveillance is important in the management of equine influenza. It provides data on circulating and newly emerging strains for vaccine strain selection. To this end, antigenic characterisation by haemaggluttination inhibition (HI) assay and phylogenetic analysis was carried out on 28 EIV strains isolated in North America and Europe during 2006 and 2007. In the UK, 20 viruses were isolated from 28 nasopharyngeal swabs that tested positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All except two of the UK viruses were characterised as members of the Florida sublineage with similarity to A/eq/Newmarket/5/03 (clade 2). One isolate, A/eq/Cheshire/1/06, was characterised as an American lineage strain similar to viruses isolated up to 10 years earlier. A second isolate, A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/07 was characterised as a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 1) with similarity to A/eq/Wisconsin/03. Furthermore, A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/06 was a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 2) by haemagglutinin (HA) gene sequence, but appeared to be a member of the Eurasian lineage by the non-structural gene (NS) sequence suggesting that reassortment had occurred. A/eq/Switzerland/P112/07 was characterised as a member of the Eurasian lineage, the first time since 2005 that isolation of a virus from this lineage has been reported. Seven viruses from North America were classified as members of the Florida sublineage (clade 1), similar to A/eq/Wisconsin/03. In conclusion, a variety of antigenically distinct EIVs continue to circulate worldwide. Florida sublineage clade 1 viruses appear to predominate in North America, clade 2 viruses in Europe.",

keywords = "Equine influenza virus, H3N8, Surveillance, Vaccine strain selection",

author = "Bryant, {Neil A.} and Rash, {Adam S.} and Russell, {Colin A.} and Julie Ross and Annie Cooke and Samantha Bowman and Shona MacRae and Lewis, {Nicola S.} and Romain Paillot and Reto Zanoni and Hanspeter Meier and Griffiths, {Lowri A.} and Daly, {Janet M.} and Ashish Tiwari and Chambers, {Thomas M.} and Newton, {J. Richard} and Elton, {Debra M.}",

note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank Toni-Ann Hammond for excellent technical support for EIV diagnostics, Schering Plough Animal Health and Intervet for subsidising the EIV surveillance programme and Prof. Alan Guthrie (University of Pretoria, SA) for providing us with A/eq/South-Africa/4/03. Study was supported by the Horserace Betting Levy Board (HBLB) and the Animal Health Trust. C.A.R. was supported by a research fellowship from Clare College, University of Cambridge and by the NIH Director's Pioneer Award program, part of the NIH roadmap to medical research, through grant number DP1-OD000490-01. N.S.L. was supported by the Cambridge Infectious Diseases Consortium as part of the DEFRA Veterinary Training and Research Initiative. ",

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doi = "10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.004",

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Bryant, NA, Rash, AS, Russell, CA, Ross, J, Cooke, A, Bowman, S, MacRae, S, Lewis, NS, Paillot, R, Zanoni, R, Meier, H, Griffiths, LA, Daly, JM, Tiwari, A, Chambers, TM, Newton, JR & Elton, DM 2009, 'Antigenic and genetic variations in European and North American equine influenza virus strains (H3N8) isolated from 2006 to 2007', Veterinary Microbiology, vol. 138, no. 1-2, pp. 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.004

TY - JOUR

T1 - Antigenic and genetic variations in European and North American equine influenza virus strains (H3N8) isolated from 2006 to 2007

AU - Bryant, Neil A.

AU - Rash, Adam S.

AU - Russell, Colin A.

AU - Ross, Julie

AU - Cooke, Annie

AU - Bowman, Samantha

AU - MacRae, Shona

AU - Lewis, Nicola S.

AU - Paillot, Romain

AU - Zanoni, Reto

AU - Meier, Hanspeter

AU - Griffiths, Lowri A.

AU - Daly, Janet M.

AU - Tiwari, Ashish

AU - Chambers, Thomas M.

AU - Newton, J. Richard

AU - Elton, Debra M.

N1 - Funding Information: We would like to thank Toni-Ann Hammond for excellent technical support for EIV diagnostics, Schering Plough Animal Health and Intervet for subsidising the EIV surveillance programme and Prof. Alan Guthrie (University of Pretoria, SA) for providing us with A/eq/South-Africa/4/03. Study was supported by the Horserace Betting Levy Board (HBLB) and the Animal Health Trust. C.A.R. was supported by a research fellowship from Clare College, University of Cambridge and by the NIH Director's Pioneer Award program, part of the NIH roadmap to medical research, through grant number DP1-OD000490-01. N.S.L. was supported by the Cambridge Infectious Diseases Consortium as part of the DEFRA Veterinary Training and Research Initiative.

PY - 2009/7/2

Y1 - 2009/7/2

N2 - Equine influenza virus (EIV) surveillance is important in the management of equine influenza. It provides data on circulating and newly emerging strains for vaccine strain selection. To this end, antigenic characterisation by haemaggluttination inhibition (HI) assay and phylogenetic analysis was carried out on 28 EIV strains isolated in North America and Europe during 2006 and 2007. In the UK, 20 viruses were isolated from 28 nasopharyngeal swabs that tested positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All except two of the UK viruses were characterised as members of the Florida sublineage with similarity to A/eq/Newmarket/5/03 (clade 2). One isolate, A/eq/Cheshire/1/06, was characterised as an American lineage strain similar to viruses isolated up to 10 years earlier. A second isolate, A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/07 was characterised as a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 1) with similarity to A/eq/Wisconsin/03. Furthermore, A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/06 was a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 2) by haemagglutinin (HA) gene sequence, but appeared to be a member of the Eurasian lineage by the non-structural gene (NS) sequence suggesting that reassortment had occurred. A/eq/Switzerland/P112/07 was characterised as a member of the Eurasian lineage, the first time since 2005 that isolation of a virus from this lineage has been reported. Seven viruses from North America were classified as members of the Florida sublineage (clade 1), similar to A/eq/Wisconsin/03. In conclusion, a variety of antigenically distinct EIVs continue to circulate worldwide. Florida sublineage clade 1 viruses appear to predominate in North America, clade 2 viruses in Europe.

AB - Equine influenza virus (EIV) surveillance is important in the management of equine influenza. It provides data on circulating and newly emerging strains for vaccine strain selection. To this end, antigenic characterisation by haemaggluttination inhibition (HI) assay and phylogenetic analysis was carried out on 28 EIV strains isolated in North America and Europe during 2006 and 2007. In the UK, 20 viruses were isolated from 28 nasopharyngeal swabs that tested positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All except two of the UK viruses were characterised as members of the Florida sublineage with similarity to A/eq/Newmarket/5/03 (clade 2). One isolate, A/eq/Cheshire/1/06, was characterised as an American lineage strain similar to viruses isolated up to 10 years earlier. A second isolate, A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/07 was characterised as a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 1) with similarity to A/eq/Wisconsin/03. Furthermore, A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/06 was a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 2) by haemagglutinin (HA) gene sequence, but appeared to be a member of the Eurasian lineage by the non-structural gene (NS) sequence suggesting that reassortment had occurred. A/eq/Switzerland/P112/07 was characterised as a member of the Eurasian lineage, the first time since 2005 that isolation of a virus from this lineage has been reported. Seven viruses from North America were classified as members of the Florida sublineage (clade 1), similar to A/eq/Wisconsin/03. In conclusion, a variety of antigenically distinct EIVs continue to circulate worldwide. Florida sublineage clade 1 viruses appear to predominate in North America, clade 2 viruses in Europe.

KW - Equine influenza virus

KW - H3N8

KW - Surveillance

KW - Vaccine strain selection

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JO - Veterinary Microbiology

JF - Veterinary Microbiology

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Antigenic and genetic variations in European and North American equine influenza virus strains (H3N8) isolated from 2006 to 2007

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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