Arsenic-mediated cellular signal transduction, transcription factor activation, and aberrant gene expression: Implications in carcinogenesis

Chengfeng Yang, Krystyna Frenkel

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

63 Scopus citations

Abstract

Arsenic is a common environmental and occupational pollutant and a wellknown human carcinogen that causes cancers in many human organs. The exact molecular mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis, however, are not well understood. It is generally acknowledged that arsenic does not act via a classic genotoxic or mutagenic mechanism, because it is not a direct mutagen. On the other hand, a growing amount of evidence has shown that arsenic shares many properties with tumor promoters by inducing intracellular signal transduction, activating transcription factors, and changing the expression of genes that are involved in promoting cell growth, proliferation, and malignant transformation. It is postulated that arsenic-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signal transduction, which leads to activation of transcription factors such as activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) (which in turn alter gene expression), is associated with the carcinogenicity of arsenic. In this article, we review the recent findings in arsenic-induced MAPKs, AP-1 and NF-κB activation, and aberrant gene expression; their implications in arsenic carcinogenesis are discussed. The elucidation of arsenic-induced signal transduction pathways that lead to aberrant gene expression involved in the arsenic-triggered malignant transformation could help to identify novel molecular targets for the treatment of human cancers resulting from arsenic exposure.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)331-342
Number of pages12
JournalJournal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology
Volume21
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - 2002

Keywords

  • Aberrant gene expression
  • Arsenic
  • Carcinogenesis
  • Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)
  • Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)
  • Signal transduction
  • Transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1)

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pathology and Forensic Medicine
  • Toxicology
  • Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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