Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerotic diseases, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. Although atherosclerosis has been recognised as a multifactorial complex disease, dyslipidaemia is a major contributor. The link of dyslipidaemia to atherosclerosis initiation and progression is based on compelling evidence in human and experimental studies. It is also based on the ubiquitous presence of lipid-laden cells in atherosclerotic lesions. This chapter reviews the current advancements of research work in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism that have provided mechanistic insights into understanding atherosclerosis. We compile the recent literature showing the involvement of multiple cell types and molecules, including microRNAs, as potential mechanisms in the development of atherosclerosis. We also discuss the currently available and newly developed therapeutic approaches to improve dyslipidaemia that may benefit patients with atherosclerotic diseases.