Autophagic degradation of IRF3 induced by the small-molecule auranofin inhibits its transcriptional and proapoptotic activities

Anna Glanz, Sukanya Chakravarty, Shumin Fan, Karan Chawla, Gayatri Subramanian, Tia Rahman, Dean Walters, Ritu Chakravarti, Saurabh Chattopadhyay

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

The ubiquitously expressed transcription factor interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is critical for the induction of antiviral genes, e.g., type-I IFN. In addition to its transcriptional function, IRF3 also activates a nontranscriptional, proapoptotic signaling pathway. While the proapoptotic function of IRF3 protects against viral infections, it is also involved in harmful immune responses that trigger hepatocyte cell death and promote liver disease. Thus, we hypothesized that a small-molecule inhibitor of the proapoptotic activity of IRF3 could alleviate fatty-acid-induced hepatocyte cell death. We conducted a high-throughput screen, which identified auranofin as a small-molecule inhibitor of the proapoptotic activity of IRF3. In addition to the nontranscriptional apoptotic pathway, auranofin also inhibited the transcriptional activity of IRF3. Using biochemical and genetic tools in human and mouse cells, we uncovered a novel mechanism of action for auranofin, in which it induces cellular autophagy to degrade IRF3 protein, thereby suppressing IRF3 functions. Autophagy-deficient cells were unable to degrade IRF3 upon auranofin treatment, suggesting that the autophagic degradation of IRF3 is a novel approach to regulate IRF3 activities. Using a physiologically relevant in vitro model, we demonstrated that auranofin inhibited fatty-acid-induced apoptotic cell death of hepatocytes. In summary, auranofin is a novel inhibitor of IRF3 functions and may represent a potential therapeutic option in diseases where IRF3 is deleterious.

Original languageEnglish
Article number101274
JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry
Volume297
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 1 2021

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

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