Abstract
Exposure of Drosophila skeletal muscle to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) rapidly and transiently hyperpolarizes membrane potential. However, the mechanism responsible for hyperpolarization remains unclear. The resting membrane potential of the cells is maintained through multiple mechanisms. This study investigated the possibility of LPS activating calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa) and/or K2p channels. 2-Aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB), blocks uptake of Ca2+ into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); thus, limiting release from ryanodine-sensitive internal stores to reduce the function of KCa channels. Exposure to 2-APB produces waves of hyperpolarization even during desensitization of the response to LPS and in the presence of doxapram. This finding in this study suggests that doxapram blocked the acid-sensitive K2p tandem-pore channel subtype known in mammals. Doxapram blocked LPS-induced hyperpolarization and depolarized the muscles as well as induced motor neurons to produce evoked excitatory junction potentials (EJPs). This was induced by depolarizing motor neurons, similar to the increase in extracellular K+ concentration. The hyperpolarizing effect of LPS was not blocked by decreased extracellular Ca2+or the presence of Cd2+. LPS appears to transiently activate doxapram sensitive K2p channels independently of KCa channels in hyperpolarizing the muscle. Septicemia induced by gram-negative bacteria results in an increase in inflammatory cytokines, primarily induced by bacterial LPS. Currently, blockers of LPS receptors in mammals are unknown; further research on doxapram and other K2p channels is warranted. (220 words).
Original language | English |
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Article number | 109571 |
Journal | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part - C: Toxicology and Pharmacology |
Volume | 266 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Apr 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2023 Elsevier Inc.
Keywords
- 2-Aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB)
- Doxapram
- Drosophila
- K
- K2p
- Muscle
- Potassium channel
- Resting membrane potential
- Two-pore domain potassium channel
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
- Physiology
- Aquatic Science
- Animal Science and Zoology
- Toxicology
- Cell Biology
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis