TY - JOUR
T1 - Behavioral changes in Japanese beetle and masked chafer grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) after parasitism by Tiphiid wasps (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae)
AU - Rogers, M. E.
AU - Cole, T. J.
AU - Ramaswamy, S. B.
AU - Potter, D. A.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2003/6
Y1 - 2003/6
N2 - We studied effects of parasitism by two Tiphia species (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) on burrowing behavior of their respective scarabaeid hosts and tested the hypothesis that parasitoid alteration of host hormones accounts for the observed behavioral change. In turf field-plots, third-instar masked chafer grubs, Cyclocephala sp., parasitized by native Tiphia pygidialis Allen burrowed to depths of 12-16 cm within 21 d, whereas nonparasitized grubs remained in the upper 4 cm of soil. Grubs bearing an egg or early-instar Tiphia larva were found relatively close to the surface, whereas those with a fourth- or fifth-instar parasitoid were deeper. Experiments in soil-filled, vertical observation chambers confirmed downward movement by parasitized Cyclocephala, and similar response in third-instar Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, parasitized by Tiphia vernalis Rohwer. Removal of the Tiphia egg from masked chafers was followed by initial downward movement of grubs and then a gradual ascent, suggesting that host behavior is affected both by the venomous sting and feeding by the wasp larva. Significant but inconsistent differences were found in juvenile hormone-III (JH III) titers in hemolymph taken from nonparasitized grubs or grubs parasitized for 1 or 14 d. Topical application of JH III and methoprene acid resulted in grubs moving deeper into the soil, whereas injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone did not affect grub behavior. Failure to dig deeply enough in soil when sampling for parasitized scarab grubs or Tiphia cocoons likely will result in underestimation of parasitism rates.
AB - We studied effects of parasitism by two Tiphia species (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) on burrowing behavior of their respective scarabaeid hosts and tested the hypothesis that parasitoid alteration of host hormones accounts for the observed behavioral change. In turf field-plots, third-instar masked chafer grubs, Cyclocephala sp., parasitized by native Tiphia pygidialis Allen burrowed to depths of 12-16 cm within 21 d, whereas nonparasitized grubs remained in the upper 4 cm of soil. Grubs bearing an egg or early-instar Tiphia larva were found relatively close to the surface, whereas those with a fourth- or fifth-instar parasitoid were deeper. Experiments in soil-filled, vertical observation chambers confirmed downward movement by parasitized Cyclocephala, and similar response in third-instar Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, parasitized by Tiphia vernalis Rohwer. Removal of the Tiphia egg from masked chafers was followed by initial downward movement of grubs and then a gradual ascent, suggesting that host behavior is affected both by the venomous sting and feeding by the wasp larva. Significant but inconsistent differences were found in juvenile hormone-III (JH III) titers in hemolymph taken from nonparasitized grubs or grubs parasitized for 1 or 14 d. Topical application of JH III and methoprene acid resulted in grubs moving deeper into the soil, whereas injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone did not affect grub behavior. Failure to dig deeply enough in soil when sampling for parasitized scarab grubs or Tiphia cocoons likely will result in underestimation of parasitism rates.
KW - Cyclocephala sp.
KW - Popillia japonica
KW - Scarabaeidae
KW - Soil insects
KW - Tiphia pygidialis
KW - Tiphia vernalis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0038573736&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0038573736&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1603/0046-225X-32.3.618
DO - 10.1603/0046-225X-32.3.618
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0038573736
SN - 0046-225X
VL - 32
SP - 618
EP - 625
JO - Environmental Entomology
JF - Environmental Entomology
IS - 3
ER -