Biofilm and cell adhesion strength on dental implant surfaces via the laser spallation technique

J. D. Boyd; A. J. Stromberg; C. S. Miller; M. E. Grady

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.013

Biofilm and cell adhesion strength on dental implant surfaces via the laser spallation technique

J. D. Boyd, A. J. Stromberg, C. S. Miller, M. E. Grady

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

21 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: The aims of this study are to quantify the adhesion strength differential between an oral bacterial biofilm and an osteoblast-like cell monolayer to a dental implant-simulant surface and develop a metric that quantifies the biocompatible effect of implant surfaces on bacterial and cell adhesion. Methods: High-amplitude short-duration stress waves generated by laser pulse absorption are used to spall bacteria and cells from titanium substrates. By carefully controlling laser fluence and calibration of laser fluence with applied stress, the adhesion difference between Streptococcus mutans biofilms and MG 63 osteoblast-like cell monolayers on smooth and rough titanium substrates is obtained. The ratio of cell adhesion strength to biofilm adhesion strength (i.e., Adhesion Index) is determined as a nondimensionalized parameter for biocompatibility assessment. Results: Adhesion strength of 143 MPa, with a 95% C.I. (114, 176), is measured for MG 63 cells on smooth titanium and 292 MPa, with a 95% C.I. (267, 306), on roughened titanium. Adhesion strength for S. mutans on smooth titanium is 320 MPa, with a 95% C.I. (304, 333), and remained relatively constant at 332 MPa, with a 95% C.I. (324, 343), on roughened titanium. The calculated Adhesion Index for smooth titanium is 0.451, with a 95% C.I. (0.267, 0.622), which increased to 0.876, with a 95% C.I. (0.780, 0.932), on roughened titanium. Significance: The laser spallation technique provides a platform to examine the tradeoffs of adhesion modulators on both biofilm and cell adhesion. This tradeoff is characterized by the Adhesion Index, which is proposed to aid biocompatibility screening and could help improve implantation outcomes. The Adhesion Index is implemented to determine surface factors that promote favorable adhesion of cells greater than biofilms. Here, an Adhesion Index ≫ 1 suggests favorable biocompatibility.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	48-59
Number of pages	12
Journal	Dental Materials
Volume	37
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.013
State	Published - Jan 2021

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Academy of Dental Materials. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Funding

We gratefully acknowledge NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence(COBRE) in Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI, P20GM130456),COBRE Phase III pilot funding (P30GM110788), andNIH NIDCR funding (R03DE029547) for completion of these experiments. SEM images were taken within the Electron Microscopy Center at the University of Kentucky by staff associate Nicolas Briot. Aluminum sputter coating was performed at The Micro/Nano Technology Center at University of Louisville and overseen by Dr. Thomas Berfield. We thank CPRI for use of bacterial culture equipment. CPRI is supported, in part, by the University of Kentucky College of Pharmacyand Center for Clinical and Translational Science (UL1TR001998). We thank Dr. Natalia Korotkova for her donation of S. mutans bacteria utilized during this study. We thank Dr. Larissa Ponomareva for sharing her culture expertise. We gratefully acknowledge N IH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI, P20GM130456), COBRE Phase III pilot funding ( P30GM110788), and NIH NIDCR funding ( R03DE029547) for completion of these experiments. SEM images were taken within the Electron Microscopy Center at the University of Kentucky by staff associate Nicolas Briot. Aluminum sputter coating was performed at The Micro/Nano Technology Center at University of Louisville and overseen by Dr. Thomas Berfield. We thank CPRI for use of bacterial culture equipment. CPRI is supported, in part, by the U niversity of Kentucky College of Pharmacy and Center for Clinical and Translational Science ( UL1TR001998) . We thank Dr. Natalia Korotkova for her donation of S. mutans bacteria utilized during this study. We thank Dr. Larissa Ponomareva for sharing her culture expertise.

Funders	Funder number
Corporacion Nacional del Cobre
Micro/Nano Technology Center at University of Louisville
NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence
Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation
U niversity of Kentucky College of Pharmacy and Center for Clinical and Translational Science
University of Kentucky College of Pharmacyand Center for Clinical and Translational Science
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research	R03DE029547
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)	UL1TR001998
Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, University of Kentucky	P20GM130456, P30GM110788

Keywords

Adhesion
Adhesion index
Biofilm
Implant
Laser spallation
MG 63
Streptococcus mutans
Surface roughness
Titanium
Weibull analysis

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Materials Science
General Dentistry
Mechanics of Materials

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10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.013

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title = "Biofilm and cell adhesion strength on dental implant surfaces via the laser spallation technique",

abstract = "Objective: The aims of this study are to quantify the adhesion strength differential between an oral bacterial biofilm and an osteoblast-like cell monolayer to a dental implant-simulant surface and develop a metric that quantifies the biocompatible effect of implant surfaces on bacterial and cell adhesion. Methods: High-amplitude short-duration stress waves generated by laser pulse absorption are used to spall bacteria and cells from titanium substrates. By carefully controlling laser fluence and calibration of laser fluence with applied stress, the adhesion difference between Streptococcus mutans biofilms and MG 63 osteoblast-like cell monolayers on smooth and rough titanium substrates is obtained. The ratio of cell adhesion strength to biofilm adhesion strength (i.e., Adhesion Index) is determined as a nondimensionalized parameter for biocompatibility assessment. Results: Adhesion strength of 143 MPa, with a 95\% C.I. (114, 176), is measured for MG 63 cells on smooth titanium and 292 MPa, with a 95\% C.I. (267, 306), on roughened titanium. Adhesion strength for S. mutans on smooth titanium is 320 MPa, with a 95\% C.I. (304, 333), and remained relatively constant at 332 MPa, with a 95\% C.I. (324, 343), on roughened titanium. The calculated Adhesion Index for smooth titanium is 0.451, with a 95\% C.I. (0.267, 0.622), which increased to 0.876, with a 95\% C.I. (0.780, 0.932), on roughened titanium. Significance: The laser spallation technique provides a platform to examine the tradeoffs of adhesion modulators on both biofilm and cell adhesion. This tradeoff is characterized by the Adhesion Index, which is proposed to aid biocompatibility screening and could help improve implantation outcomes. The Adhesion Index is implemented to determine surface factors that promote favorable adhesion of cells greater than biofilms. Here, an Adhesion Index ≫ 1 suggests favorable biocompatibility.",

keywords = "Adhesion, Adhesion index, Biofilm, Implant, Laser spallation, MG 63, Streptococcus mutans, Surface roughness, Titanium, Weibull analysis",

author = "Boyd, \{J. D.\} and Stromberg, \{A. J.\} and Miller, \{C. S.\} and Grady, \{M. E.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Academy of Dental Materials. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.",

year = "2021",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.013",

language = "English",

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AU - Stromberg, A. J.

AU - Miller, C. S.

AU - Grady, M. E.

PY - 2021/1

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N2 - Objective: The aims of this study are to quantify the adhesion strength differential between an oral bacterial biofilm and an osteoblast-like cell monolayer to a dental implant-simulant surface and develop a metric that quantifies the biocompatible effect of implant surfaces on bacterial and cell adhesion. Methods: High-amplitude short-duration stress waves generated by laser pulse absorption are used to spall bacteria and cells from titanium substrates. By carefully controlling laser fluence and calibration of laser fluence with applied stress, the adhesion difference between Streptococcus mutans biofilms and MG 63 osteoblast-like cell monolayers on smooth and rough titanium substrates is obtained. The ratio of cell adhesion strength to biofilm adhesion strength (i.e., Adhesion Index) is determined as a nondimensionalized parameter for biocompatibility assessment. Results: Adhesion strength of 143 MPa, with a 95% C.I. (114, 176), is measured for MG 63 cells on smooth titanium and 292 MPa, with a 95% C.I. (267, 306), on roughened titanium. Adhesion strength for S. mutans on smooth titanium is 320 MPa, with a 95% C.I. (304, 333), and remained relatively constant at 332 MPa, with a 95% C.I. (324, 343), on roughened titanium. The calculated Adhesion Index for smooth titanium is 0.451, with a 95% C.I. (0.267, 0.622), which increased to 0.876, with a 95% C.I. (0.780, 0.932), on roughened titanium. Significance: The laser spallation technique provides a platform to examine the tradeoffs of adhesion modulators on both biofilm and cell adhesion. This tradeoff is characterized by the Adhesion Index, which is proposed to aid biocompatibility screening and could help improve implantation outcomes. The Adhesion Index is implemented to determine surface factors that promote favorable adhesion of cells greater than biofilms. Here, an Adhesion Index ≫ 1 suggests favorable biocompatibility.

AB - Objective: The aims of this study are to quantify the adhesion strength differential between an oral bacterial biofilm and an osteoblast-like cell monolayer to a dental implant-simulant surface and develop a metric that quantifies the biocompatible effect of implant surfaces on bacterial and cell adhesion. Methods: High-amplitude short-duration stress waves generated by laser pulse absorption are used to spall bacteria and cells from titanium substrates. By carefully controlling laser fluence and calibration of laser fluence with applied stress, the adhesion difference between Streptococcus mutans biofilms and MG 63 osteoblast-like cell monolayers on smooth and rough titanium substrates is obtained. The ratio of cell adhesion strength to biofilm adhesion strength (i.e., Adhesion Index) is determined as a nondimensionalized parameter for biocompatibility assessment. Results: Adhesion strength of 143 MPa, with a 95% C.I. (114, 176), is measured for MG 63 cells on smooth titanium and 292 MPa, with a 95% C.I. (267, 306), on roughened titanium. Adhesion strength for S. mutans on smooth titanium is 320 MPa, with a 95% C.I. (304, 333), and remained relatively constant at 332 MPa, with a 95% C.I. (324, 343), on roughened titanium. The calculated Adhesion Index for smooth titanium is 0.451, with a 95% C.I. (0.267, 0.622), which increased to 0.876, with a 95% C.I. (0.780, 0.932), on roughened titanium. Significance: The laser spallation technique provides a platform to examine the tradeoffs of adhesion modulators on both biofilm and cell adhesion. This tradeoff is characterized by the Adhesion Index, which is proposed to aid biocompatibility screening and could help improve implantation outcomes. The Adhesion Index is implemented to determine surface factors that promote favorable adhesion of cells greater than biofilms. Here, an Adhesion Index ≫ 1 suggests favorable biocompatibility.

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KW - Biofilm

KW - Implant

KW - Laser spallation

KW - MG 63

KW - Streptococcus mutans

KW - Surface roughness

KW - Titanium

KW - Weibull analysis

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Biofilm and cell adhesion strength on dental implant surfaces via the laser spallation technique

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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