Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial and fungal strains poses a threat to human health that requires the design and synthesis of new classes of antimicrobial agents. We evaluated bis(N-amidinohydrazones) and N-(amidino)-N′-aryl-bishydrazones for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against panels of Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. We investigated their potential to develop resistance against both bacteria and fungi by a multi-step resistance-selection method, explored their potential to induce the production of reactive oxygen species, and assessed their toxicity. In summary, we found that these compounds exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities against most of the tested strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from <0.5 to >500 μM against bacteria and 1.0 to >31.3 μg/mL against fungi; and in most cases, they exhibited either superior or similar antimicrobial activity compared to those of the standard drugs used in the clinic. We also observed minimal emergence of drug resistance to these newly synthesized compounds by bacteria and fungi even after 15 passages, and we found weak to moderate inhibition of the human Ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel with acceptable IC50values ranging from 1.12 to 3.29 μM. Overall, these studies show that bis(N-amidinohydrazones) and N-(amidino)-N′-aryl-bishydrazones are potentially promising scaffolds for the discovery of novel antibacterial and antifungal agents.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 58-66 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry |
Volume | 25 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2017 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2016 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords
- Bishydrazones
- Candida albicans
- Cytotoxicity
- Resistance
- Staphylococcus aureus
- hERG channel
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Medicine
- Molecular Biology
- Pharmaceutical Science
- Drug Discovery
- Clinical Biochemistry
- Organic Chemistry