TY - JOUR
T1 - Caffeine intake in outpatients with schizophrenia
AU - Gurpegui, Manuel
AU - Aguilar, M. Carmen
AU - Martínez-Ortega, José M.
AU - Diaz, Francisco J.
AU - De Leon, Jose
PY - 2004
Y1 - 2004
N2 - Several studies suggest that caffeine intake is high in patients with schizophrenia and a few of them suggest that caffeine may contribute to schizophrenia symptomatology. None of these studies control for the effect of tobacco smoking, which is associated with induction of caffeine metabolism. Therefore, the high amount of caffeine intake among patients with schizophrenia may be due to their high prevalence of smoking. This is the first large study to explore whether caffeine intake in patients with schizophrenia is related to tobacco (or alcohol) use or to the severity of schizophrenia symptomatology. The sample included 250 consecutive consenting outpatients with a diagnosis of DSM-IV schizophrenia from Granada, Spain. Fifty-nine percent (147/250) of patients consumed caffeine. Current caffeine intake was associated with current smoking and alcohol use. As none of the females used alcohol, the association with alcohol was only present in males with schizophrenia. Among caffeine consumers, smoking was associated with the amount of caffeine intake. Cross-sectional schizophrenia symptomatology was not associated with caffeine intake.
AB - Several studies suggest that caffeine intake is high in patients with schizophrenia and a few of them suggest that caffeine may contribute to schizophrenia symptomatology. None of these studies control for the effect of tobacco smoking, which is associated with induction of caffeine metabolism. Therefore, the high amount of caffeine intake among patients with schizophrenia may be due to their high prevalence of smoking. This is the first large study to explore whether caffeine intake in patients with schizophrenia is related to tobacco (or alcohol) use or to the severity of schizophrenia symptomatology. The sample included 250 consecutive consenting outpatients with a diagnosis of DSM-IV schizophrenia from Granada, Spain. Fifty-nine percent (147/250) of patients consumed caffeine. Current caffeine intake was associated with current smoking and alcohol use. As none of the females used alcohol, the association with alcohol was only present in males with schizophrenia. Among caffeine consumers, smoking was associated with the amount of caffeine intake. Cross-sectional schizophrenia symptomatology was not associated with caffeine intake.
KW - Alcohol
KW - Caffeine
KW - Coffee
KW - Nicotine
KW - Schizophrenia
KW - Tobacco smoking
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U2 - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007143
DO - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007143
M3 - Article
C2 - 15954199
AN - SCOPUS:3242711148
SN - 0586-7614
VL - 30
SP - 935
EP - 945
JO - Schizophrenia Bulletin
JF - Schizophrenia Bulletin
IS - 4
ER -