Capacitive Deionization Using Alternating Polarization: Effect of Surface Charge on Salt Removal

X. Gao, A. Omosebi, N. Holubowitch, J. Landon, K. Liu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

60 Scopus citations

Abstract

Alternating polarization (AP) at ±1.2/0 V is performed on a capacitive deionization stack assembled with carbon xerogel (CX) electrodes. Long-term testing shows enhanced cycling stability without the formation of inversion peaks. AP also leads to an arch-shaped plot of salt adsorption capacity (SAC) versus cycling time, with the highest SAC of approximately 3 mg (NaCl) g−1 (CX) during this long-term test. Characterization of both the freshly prepared and cycled electrodes depict that AP results in surface charge of all the electrodes being modified from positive to negative character. By leveraging balances of electronic, surface, and ionic charges in carbon micropores, it is found that a portion of the electronic charge contributes to the ionic charge for salt adsorption, and another portion is parasitically consumed to balance the surface charge during the charge reconciliation process. When the consumption of electronic charge for charge reconciliation becomes minimal, both the positive and negative surface charges are nearly equivalent on the CX electrode. Under such a condition, the highest SAC values can be achieved for AP testing.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)249-255
Number of pages7
JournalElectrochimica Acta
Volume233
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 10 2017

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Keywords

  • Alternating polarization
  • Capacitive deionization
  • Carbon xerogel
  • Charge balance
  • Donnan model

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Chemical Engineering
  • Electrochemistry

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Capacitive Deionization Using Alternating Polarization: Effect of Surface Charge on Salt Removal'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this