Cellular and functional heterogeneity of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) midgut: a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool for studying complex cellular composition and gene expression dynamics of biological systems. In this study, we analyzed the midgut of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, utilizing scRNA-seq technology. scRNA-seq analysis yielded high-quality sequencing data from two replicates, showcasing robust sequencing integrity, mapping efficiency, and reproducibility. We identified twelve clusters of midgut cells, including enterocytes, enteroblasts, enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells, and stem cells, each with unique marker gene expression indicative of their specialized functions. Further analysis revealed intricate gene expression profiles and enriched biological pathways associated with each cell type, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying midgut function. Additionally, lineage trajectory analysis identified the differentiation pathways of midgut cell populations, confirming canonical relationships among stem cells, enteroblasts, enterocytes, and goblet cells. Furthermore, we also studied the expression of genes coding for insecticide target sites and metabolizing enzymes in different midgut cell types. Overall, our studies provide a comprehensive understanding of midgut cellular diversity and gene expression dynamics in the FAW, offering valuable information that could be used to develop methods for managing this and other pests.