Abstract
Nikkomycin Z is a dipeptide antifungal antibiotic characterized by two nonproteinogenic amino acids, nikkomycin CZ and 4-(4'-hydroxy-2'-pyridinyl)-homothreonine (HPHT). The HPHTscaffold is assembled by an aldol reaction between 2-oxobutyrate and picolinaldehyde, the latter of which is derived from picolinic acid that is activated and loaded to coenzyme A by the aryl-activating adenylation enzyme, NikE. We now provide evidence that NikE is also involved in the activation and loading of the α-keto acid precursor, 4-(2'-pyridinyl)-2-oxo-4-hydroxyisovalerate (POHIV), to a phosphopantetheinyl group of an acyl carrier protein domain of NikT. POHIV was synthesized using Escherichia coli 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate aldolase, and phenylalanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus sp. NRRL B-14911 was used to prepare the α-amino acid, 4-(2'-pyridinyl)-homothreonine (PHT). Using the carboxylic acid-dependent, ATP-[32P]PPi exchange assay, NikE is shown to activate both picolinic acid and POHIV but not PHT. Furthermore, NikE loads POHIV to holo-NikT to generate a new thioester-linked intermediate, which was not observed using a NikT(S33A) mutant. Thus, NikE activates two distinct carboxylic acids to form two new thioester intermediates, one of which is subsequently reduced to the aldehyde and the other that likely serves as a substrate for the aminotransferase domain of NikT prior to condensation with nikkomycin CZ to yield the dipeptide.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 791-801 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Biopolymers |
Volume | 93 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 2010 |
Keywords
- Antibiotic
- Antifungal
- Biosynthesis
- Nonribosomal peptide
- Nucleoside
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biophysics
- Biochemistry
- Biomaterials
- Organic Chemistry