Characterization of the Materials, Phases and Morphology Typical of High-Performance Scandate Cathodes

T. John Balk; Michael J. Detisch; Huanhuan Bai; Xiaotao Liu; Mujan N. Seif; Matthew J. Beck; Bernard K. Vancil

doi:10.1109/IVEC53421.2022.10292193

Characterization of the Materials, Phases and Morphology Typical of High-Performance Scandate Cathodes

T. John Balk
, Michael J. Detisch
, Huanhuan Bai
, Xiaotao Liu
, Mujan N. Seif
, Matthew J. Beck
, Bernard K. Vancil

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Scandate cathodes offer the promise, and in some cases, they exhibit demonstrated capabilities, of next-generation electron emitters suitable for high-performance electron guns. However, there remains a knowledge gap related to the materials and microstructure that might be targeted in order to consistently produce scandate cathodes that reliably deliver excellent emission properties. This paper will provide an overview of a multi-year project focused on characterization of the materials, phases and microstructures observed for scandate cathodes that had performed well during close-spaced diode testing. Typical features include highly faceted tungsten grains, the presence of nanoscale barium-containing particles that decorate the surfaces of tungsten grains, and the presence of scandium at the cathode's emitting surface. Additional insights into scandate cathode materials were obtained via large-area mapping of the distribution of elements and phases through the thickness of impregnated and life-tested cathode pellets.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2022 23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2022
Pages	61-62
Number of pages	2
ISBN (Electronic)	9781665443258
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC53421.2022.10292193
State	Published - 2022
Event	23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2022 - Monterey, United States Duration: Apr 25 2022 → Apr 29 2022

Publication series

Name	2022 23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2022

Conference

Conference	23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2022
Country/Territory	United States
City	Monterey
Period	4/25/22 → 4/29/22

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 IEEE.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Innovative Vacuum Electronics Science and Technology (INVEST) program, under grant number N66001-16-1-4041. The views, opinions, and/or findings expressed are those of the author(s) and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government.

Funders	Funder number
Innovative Vacuum Electronics Science and Technology Program	N66001-16-1-4041
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

Keywords

electron microscopy
materials characterization
scandate cathode
spectroscopy
surface

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Instrumentation

Access to Document

10.1109/IVEC53421.2022.10292193

Cite this

Balk, T. J., Detisch, M. J., Bai, H., Liu, X., Seif, M. N., Beck, M. J., & Vancil, B. K. (2022). Characterization of the Materials, Phases and Morphology Typical of High-Performance Scandate Cathodes. In 2022 23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2022 (pp. 61-62). (2022 23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC53421.2022.10292193

@inproceedings{02be95c0fd9a4083adfd85fa8248366e,

title = "Characterization of the Materials, Phases and Morphology Typical of High-Performance Scandate Cathodes",

abstract = "Scandate cathodes offer the promise, and in some cases, they exhibit demonstrated capabilities, of next-generation electron emitters suitable for high-performance electron guns. However, there remains a knowledge gap related to the materials and microstructure that might be targeted in order to consistently produce scandate cathodes that reliably deliver excellent emission properties. This paper will provide an overview of a multi-year project focused on characterization of the materials, phases and microstructures observed for scandate cathodes that had performed well during close-spaced diode testing. Typical features include highly faceted tungsten grains, the presence of nanoscale barium-containing particles that decorate the surfaces of tungsten grains, and the presence of scandium at the cathode's emitting surface. Additional insights into scandate cathode materials were obtained via large-area mapping of the distribution of elements and phases through the thickness of impregnated and life-tested cathode pellets.",

keywords = "electron microscopy, materials characterization, scandate cathode, spectroscopy, surface",

author = "Balk, \{T. John\} and Detisch, \{Michael J.\} and Huanhuan Bai and Xiaotao Liu and Seif, \{Mujan N.\} and Beck, \{Matthew J.\} and Vancil, \{Bernard K.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 IEEE.; 23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2022 ; Conference date: 25-04-2022 Through 29-04-2022",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.1109/IVEC53421.2022.10292193",

language = "English",

series = "2022 23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2022",

pages = "61--62",

booktitle = "2022 23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2022",

}

Balk, TJ, Detisch, MJ, Bai, H, Liu, X, Seif, MN, Beck, MJ & Vancil, BK 2022, Characterization of the Materials, Phases and Morphology Typical of High-Performance Scandate Cathodes. in 2022 23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2022. 2022 23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2022, pp. 61-62, 23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2022, Monterey, United States, 4/25/22. https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC53421.2022.10292193

Characterization of the Materials, Phases and Morphology Typical of High-Performance Scandate Cathodes. / Balk, T. John; Detisch, Michael J.; Bai, Huanhuan et al.
2022 23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2022. 2022. p. 61-62 (2022 23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2022).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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AU - Balk, T. John

AU - Detisch, Michael J.

AU - Bai, Huanhuan

AU - Liu, Xiaotao

AU - Seif, Mujan N.

AU - Beck, Matthew J.

AU - Vancil, Bernard K.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Scandate cathodes offer the promise, and in some cases, they exhibit demonstrated capabilities, of next-generation electron emitters suitable for high-performance electron guns. However, there remains a knowledge gap related to the materials and microstructure that might be targeted in order to consistently produce scandate cathodes that reliably deliver excellent emission properties. This paper will provide an overview of a multi-year project focused on characterization of the materials, phases and microstructures observed for scandate cathodes that had performed well during close-spaced diode testing. Typical features include highly faceted tungsten grains, the presence of nanoscale barium-containing particles that decorate the surfaces of tungsten grains, and the presence of scandium at the cathode's emitting surface. Additional insights into scandate cathode materials were obtained via large-area mapping of the distribution of elements and phases through the thickness of impregnated and life-tested cathode pellets.

AB - Scandate cathodes offer the promise, and in some cases, they exhibit demonstrated capabilities, of next-generation electron emitters suitable for high-performance electron guns. However, there remains a knowledge gap related to the materials and microstructure that might be targeted in order to consistently produce scandate cathodes that reliably deliver excellent emission properties. This paper will provide an overview of a multi-year project focused on characterization of the materials, phases and microstructures observed for scandate cathodes that had performed well during close-spaced diode testing. Typical features include highly faceted tungsten grains, the presence of nanoscale barium-containing particles that decorate the surfaces of tungsten grains, and the presence of scandium at the cathode's emitting surface. Additional insights into scandate cathode materials were obtained via large-area mapping of the distribution of elements and phases through the thickness of impregnated and life-tested cathode pellets.

KW - electron microscopy

KW - materials characterization

KW - scandate cathode

KW - spectroscopy

KW - surface

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Y2 - 25 April 2022 through 29 April 2022

ER -

Characterization of the Materials, Phases and Morphology Typical of High-Performance Scandate Cathodes

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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Cite this