Chromatographic profiles of nonstructural carbohydrates contributing to the colorimetrically determined fructan, ethanol-soluble, and water-soluble carbohydrate contents of five grasses

Isabelle A. Kagan; Brett H. Kirch; Craig D. Thatcher; Chris D. Teutsch; R. Scott Pleasant

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.017

Chromatographic profiles of nonstructural carbohydrates contributing to the colorimetrically determined fructan, ethanol-soluble, and water-soluble carbohydrate contents of five grasses

Isabelle A. Kagan, Brett H. Kirch, Craig D. Thatcher, Chris D. Teutsch, R. Scott Pleasant

Plant and Soil Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

Accurate estimates of forage fructan and mono- and disaccharide content may help with feeding management decisions for horses with increased risk for pasture-associated laminitis. In this study, five forages expected to differ in soluble carbohydrate concentrations were extracted with water or 800. mL/L ethanol. Forages were Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) with (E+) and without (E-) the common endophyte, cold-stressed and clipped, vegetative; Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass), cold-stressed and clipped, vegetative; Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass), air-dried, early reproductive stage; and Cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass), air-dried, 21 days of regrowth. Extracts were analyzed colorimetrically for water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, mono- and disaccharides plus fructans) and ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (ESC, mono- and disaccharides). Soluble carbohydrates were separated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) to compare HPLC-based calculations of WSC, ESC, and fructan to the colorimetrically obtained concentrations. HPLC-PAD analysis of WSC extracts confirmed the presence of fructans in tall fescue and orchardgrass. The fructan content of orchardgrass and E- tall fescue did not differ between colorimetric and HPLC-PAD determinations (P=0.21 and 0.10, respectively), but E+ tall fescue fructan was about 36. g/kg DM higher in colorimetric than in HPLC determinations (P=0.0026). Colorimetric analysis of bermudagrass WSC and ESC indicated a low fructan content, whereas HPLC-PAD indicated a lack of quantifiable fructans. Colorimetrically determined WSC and ESC were greater than the corresponding chromatographically determined values. An exception was bluegrass, for which the colorimetric and chromatographic ESC content did not differ, although both were greater than the chromatographically determined mono- and disaccharide content of water extracts. The results suggest that forage soluble carbohydrate concentrations tend to be higher in the colorimetric assays used than in HPLC-PAD determinations. However, HPLC-PAD analysis of unhydrolyzed water extracts may suffice for quantifying both ESC and WSC, besides providing information on individual sugars.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	53-63
Number of pages	11
Journal	Animal Feed Science and Technology
Volume	188
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.017
State	Published - Feb 2014

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank Phil Harrison (USDA-ARS, Logan, UT, USA) for a gift of orchardgrass fructan, and Paul Sirois and Mike Reuter of Dairy One laboratories (Ithaca, NY, USA) for providing detailed information on the WSC extraction and assay procedures. This project was funded by the Virginia Horse Industry Board and the United States Department of Agriculture .

Keywords

Colorimetry
ESC
Forage
Fructan
HPLC-PAD
WSC

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Animal Science and Zoology

Access to Document

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.017

Cite this

Kagan, I. A., Kirch, B. H., Thatcher, C. D., Teutsch, C. D., & Pleasant, R. S. (2014). Chromatographic profiles of nonstructural carbohydrates contributing to the colorimetrically determined fructan, ethanol-soluble, and water-soluble carbohydrate contents of five grasses. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 188, 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.017

@article{eb530f6280e34bb8b982cddd5d88d8c7,

title = "Chromatographic profiles of nonstructural carbohydrates contributing to the colorimetrically determined fructan, ethanol-soluble, and water-soluble carbohydrate contents of five grasses",

abstract = "Accurate estimates of forage fructan and mono- and disaccharide content may help with feeding management decisions for horses with increased risk for pasture-associated laminitis. In this study, five forages expected to differ in soluble carbohydrate concentrations were extracted with water or 800. mL/L ethanol. Forages were Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) with (E+) and without (E-) the common endophyte, cold-stressed and clipped, vegetative; Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass), cold-stressed and clipped, vegetative; Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass), air-dried, early reproductive stage; and Cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass), air-dried, 21 days of regrowth. Extracts were analyzed colorimetrically for water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, mono- and disaccharides plus fructans) and ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (ESC, mono- and disaccharides). Soluble carbohydrates were separated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) to compare HPLC-based calculations of WSC, ESC, and fructan to the colorimetrically obtained concentrations. HPLC-PAD analysis of WSC extracts confirmed the presence of fructans in tall fescue and orchardgrass. The fructan content of orchardgrass and E- tall fescue did not differ between colorimetric and HPLC-PAD determinations (P=0.21 and 0.10, respectively), but E+ tall fescue fructan was about 36. g/kg DM higher in colorimetric than in HPLC determinations (P=0.0026). Colorimetric analysis of bermudagrass WSC and ESC indicated a low fructan content, whereas HPLC-PAD indicated a lack of quantifiable fructans. Colorimetrically determined WSC and ESC were greater than the corresponding chromatographically determined values. An exception was bluegrass, for which the colorimetric and chromatographic ESC content did not differ, although both were greater than the chromatographically determined mono- and disaccharide content of water extracts. The results suggest that forage soluble carbohydrate concentrations tend to be higher in the colorimetric assays used than in HPLC-PAD determinations. However, HPLC-PAD analysis of unhydrolyzed water extracts may suffice for quantifying both ESC and WSC, besides providing information on individual sugars.",

keywords = "Colorimetry, ESC, Forage, Fructan, HPLC-PAD, WSC",

author = "Kagan, {Isabelle A.} and Kirch, {Brett H.} and Thatcher, {Craig D.} and Teutsch, {Chris D.} and Pleasant, {R. Scott}",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Phil Harrison (USDA-ARS, Logan, UT, USA) for a gift of orchardgrass fructan, and Paul Sirois and Mike Reuter of Dairy One laboratories (Ithaca, NY, USA) for providing detailed information on the WSC extraction and assay procedures. This project was funded by the Virginia Horse Industry Board and the United States Department of Agriculture .",

year = "2014",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.017",

language = "English",

volume = "188",

pages = "53--63",

}

Chromatographic profiles of nonstructural carbohydrates contributing to the colorimetrically determined fructan, ethanol-soluble, and water-soluble carbohydrate contents of five grasses. / Kagan, Isabelle A.; Kirch, Brett H.; Thatcher, Craig D. et al.
In: Animal Feed Science and Technology, Vol. 188, 02.2014, p. 53-63.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Chromatographic profiles of nonstructural carbohydrates contributing to the colorimetrically determined fructan, ethanol-soluble, and water-soluble carbohydrate contents of five grasses

AU - Kagan, Isabelle A.

AU - Kirch, Brett H.

AU - Thatcher, Craig D.

AU - Teutsch, Chris D.

AU - Pleasant, R. Scott

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Phil Harrison (USDA-ARS, Logan, UT, USA) for a gift of orchardgrass fructan, and Paul Sirois and Mike Reuter of Dairy One laboratories (Ithaca, NY, USA) for providing detailed information on the WSC extraction and assay procedures. This project was funded by the Virginia Horse Industry Board and the United States Department of Agriculture .

PY - 2014/2

Y1 - 2014/2

N2 - Accurate estimates of forage fructan and mono- and disaccharide content may help with feeding management decisions for horses with increased risk for pasture-associated laminitis. In this study, five forages expected to differ in soluble carbohydrate concentrations were extracted with water or 800. mL/L ethanol. Forages were Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) with (E+) and without (E-) the common endophyte, cold-stressed and clipped, vegetative; Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass), cold-stressed and clipped, vegetative; Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass), air-dried, early reproductive stage; and Cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass), air-dried, 21 days of regrowth. Extracts were analyzed colorimetrically for water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, mono- and disaccharides plus fructans) and ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (ESC, mono- and disaccharides). Soluble carbohydrates were separated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) to compare HPLC-based calculations of WSC, ESC, and fructan to the colorimetrically obtained concentrations. HPLC-PAD analysis of WSC extracts confirmed the presence of fructans in tall fescue and orchardgrass. The fructan content of orchardgrass and E- tall fescue did not differ between colorimetric and HPLC-PAD determinations (P=0.21 and 0.10, respectively), but E+ tall fescue fructan was about 36. g/kg DM higher in colorimetric than in HPLC determinations (P=0.0026). Colorimetric analysis of bermudagrass WSC and ESC indicated a low fructan content, whereas HPLC-PAD indicated a lack of quantifiable fructans. Colorimetrically determined WSC and ESC were greater than the corresponding chromatographically determined values. An exception was bluegrass, for which the colorimetric and chromatographic ESC content did not differ, although both were greater than the chromatographically determined mono- and disaccharide content of water extracts. The results suggest that forage soluble carbohydrate concentrations tend to be higher in the colorimetric assays used than in HPLC-PAD determinations. However, HPLC-PAD analysis of unhydrolyzed water extracts may suffice for quantifying both ESC and WSC, besides providing information on individual sugars.

AB - Accurate estimates of forage fructan and mono- and disaccharide content may help with feeding management decisions for horses with increased risk for pasture-associated laminitis. In this study, five forages expected to differ in soluble carbohydrate concentrations were extracted with water or 800. mL/L ethanol. Forages were Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) with (E+) and without (E-) the common endophyte, cold-stressed and clipped, vegetative; Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass), cold-stressed and clipped, vegetative; Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass), air-dried, early reproductive stage; and Cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass), air-dried, 21 days of regrowth. Extracts were analyzed colorimetrically for water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, mono- and disaccharides plus fructans) and ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (ESC, mono- and disaccharides). Soluble carbohydrates were separated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) to compare HPLC-based calculations of WSC, ESC, and fructan to the colorimetrically obtained concentrations. HPLC-PAD analysis of WSC extracts confirmed the presence of fructans in tall fescue and orchardgrass. The fructan content of orchardgrass and E- tall fescue did not differ between colorimetric and HPLC-PAD determinations (P=0.21 and 0.10, respectively), but E+ tall fescue fructan was about 36. g/kg DM higher in colorimetric than in HPLC determinations (P=0.0026). Colorimetric analysis of bermudagrass WSC and ESC indicated a low fructan content, whereas HPLC-PAD indicated a lack of quantifiable fructans. Colorimetrically determined WSC and ESC were greater than the corresponding chromatographically determined values. An exception was bluegrass, for which the colorimetric and chromatographic ESC content did not differ, although both were greater than the chromatographically determined mono- and disaccharide content of water extracts. The results suggest that forage soluble carbohydrate concentrations tend to be higher in the colorimetric assays used than in HPLC-PAD determinations. However, HPLC-PAD analysis of unhydrolyzed water extracts may suffice for quantifying both ESC and WSC, besides providing information on individual sugars.

KW - Colorimetry

KW - ESC

KW - Forage

KW - Fructan

KW - HPLC-PAD

KW - WSC

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84892881277&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84892881277&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.017

DO - 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.017

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84892881277

SN - 0377-8401

VL - 188

SP - 53

EP - 63

JO - Animal Feed Science and Technology

JF - Animal Feed Science and Technology

ER -

Chromatographic profiles of nonstructural carbohydrates contributing to the colorimetrically determined fructan, ethanol-soluble, and water-soluble carbohydrate contents of five grasses

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this