Civil engineering history of hydraulic channels and pipes

The hydraulic equations and graphical methods from three papers summarized here were initially presented at the session: "Hydraulic Engineering Pioneers" at the Washington, DC ASCE 150^th Anniversary Conference, Environmental and Water Resources History, ASCE-EWRI, 2002. For several years, the concepts and need for civil engineering history modules were proposed by Donn Hancher and a Module for Civil Engineering Education History by Jerry R. Rogers was printed in: Forming Civil Engineering's Future, Charlotte ASCE Education Congress, ASCE, 1999 and as "Civil Engineering Education History (1741 to 1893): An Expanded Civil Engineering History Module," American Civil Engineering History, ASCE, 2003. These C.E. History Modules can serve as useful overviews for students, faculty and practitioners and may be utilized in hydraulics- fluids courses for both undergraduates and graduates, especially open channel hydraulics and stormwater management. A paper presented by Hubert Chanson in a 2008 U. of Queensland report and a 2009 J. of Hydraulic Engineering paper provided the 1828 Belanger method listed below with other hydraulic engineering pioneers from France noted by Hubert Chanson, Brown (2002) and Anderson (2002).