Cleavage of 5′ splice site and lariat formation are independent of 3′ splice site in yeast mRNA splicing

Analysis of messenger RNA splicing in yeast and in metazoa has led to the identification of an RNA molecule in a lariat conformation. This structure has been found as an mRNA splicing intermediate in vitro^1,2 and identical molecules have been identified in vivo^3-5. Lariat formation involves cleavage of the precursor at the 5′ splice site (5′ SS) and the formation of a 2′-5′ phosphodiester bond between the guanosine residue at the 5′ end of the intron and an adenosine within the intron^1,2. The yeast branchpoint is located within the absolutely conserved TACTAAC box (that is, the last A of the TACTAAC box is the site of formation of the 2′-5′ phosphodiester bond with the 5′ end of the intron)^3,4. Moreover, efficient 5′ SS cleavage and lariat formation require proper sequences at the 5′ splice junction and within the TACTAAC box^6-12. Here we demonstrate that 5′ SS cleavage and lariat formation take place in vitro in the absence of the 3′ SS and much of the 3′ junction. These results are discussed in light of possible differences between yeast and metazoan mRNA splicing.