Clinical outcomes of therapeutic agents that block the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin in ischemic heart disease

Background - Several platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists have been evaluated in clinical trials. We conducted a systematic overview (meta-analysis) to assess the effect of these compounds on death, myocardial infarction (MI), and revascularization. Methods and Results - ORs were calculated for 16 randomized, controlled trials of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. An empirical Bayesian random-effects model combined the outcomes of 32 135 patients. There was a significant mortality reduction by GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors at 48 to 96 hours, with an OR of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.96; P<0.03), equivalent to a reduction of 1 death per 1000 patients treated. Mortality benefits at 30 days (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.02; P=0.08) and 6 months (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.10; P=0.67) were not statistically significant. For the combined end point of death or MI, there was a highly significant (P<0.001) benefit for GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors at each time point. The 30-day OR was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.87), or 20 fewer events per 1000 patients treated. For the composite end point of death, MI, or revascularization, there was also a highly significant (P<0.001) benefit for GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. At 30 days, the OR was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.86), or 30 fewer events per 1000 patients treated. The risk differences for death, death or MI, and composite outcomes were similar at 6 months, indicating a sustained absolute improvement. Similar benefit was seen when trials were subgrouped by therapeutic indication (percutaneous intervention versus acute coronary syndromes). Conclusions - Application of this new therapeutic class to clinical practice promises substantial benefit for both indications.