Abstract
In this paper, we review the management of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and clinical pharmacology of primary treatment agents in NOWS, including morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, clonidine, and phenobarbital. Pharmacologic treatment strategies in NOWS have been mostly empirical, and heterogeneity in dosing regimens adds to the difficulty of extrapolating study results to broader patient populations. As population pharmacokinetics (PKs) of pharmacologic agents in NOWS become more well-defined and knowledge of patient-specific factors affecting treatment outcomes continue to accumulate, PK/pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation will be powerful tools to aid the design of optimal dosing regimens at the patient level. Although there is an increasing number of clinical trials on the comparative efficacy of treatment agents in NOWS, here, we also draw attention to the importance of optimizing the dosing regimen, which can be arguably equally important at identifying the optimal treatment agent.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1231-1249 |
Number of pages | 19 |
Journal | Clinical and Translational Science |
Volume | 14 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2021 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.
Funding
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01DA043519 and R01DA043519‐02S1.
Funders | Funder number |
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National Institutes of Health (NIH) | |
National Institute on Drug Abuse | R01DA043519 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
- General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
- General Neuroscience