Complementary surface charge for enhanced capacitive deionization

X. Gao; S. Porada; A. Omosebi; K. L. Liu; P. M. Biesheuvel; J. Landon

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.048

Complementary surface charge for enhanced capacitive deionization

X. Gao, S. Porada, A. Omosebi, K. L. Liu, P. M. Biesheuvel, J. Landon

Mechanical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

177 Scopus citations

Abstract

Commercially available activated carbon cloth electrodes are treated using nitric acid and ethylenediamine solutions, resulting in chemical surface charge enhanced carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization (CDI) applications. Surface charge enhanced electrodes are then configured in a CDI cell to examine their salt removal at a fixed charging voltage and both reduced and opposite polarity discharge voltages, and subsequently compared to the salt removal of untreated electrodes. Substantially improved salt removal due to chemical surface charge and the use of a discharge voltage of opposite sign to the charging voltage is clearly demonstrated in these CDI cycling tests, an observation which for the first time validates both enhanced CDI and extended-voltage CDI effects predicted by the Donnan model [Biesheuvel et al., Colloids Interf. Sci. Comm., 10.1016/j.colcom.2015.12.001 (2016)]. Our experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the use of carbon electrodes with optimized chemical surface charge can extend the CDI working voltage window through discharge voltages of opposite sign to the charging voltage, which can significantly enhance the salt adsorption capacity of CDI electrodes. Thus, in addition to carbon pore size distribution, chemical surface charge in carbon micropores is considered foundational for salt removal in CDI cells.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	275-282
Number of pages	8
Journal	Water Research
Volume	92
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.048
State	Published - Apr 1 2016

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
X.G., A.O., K.-L.L., and J.L. are grateful to the U.S. - China Clean Energy Research Center, U.S. Department of Energy for project funding (Award No. DE-PI0000017 ) and the National Science Foundation (Award No. 1520226 ). Part of this work was performed in the cooperation framework of Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology ( www.wetsus.eu ). Wetsus is co-funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment , the Province of Fryslân, and the Northern Netherlands Provinces.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd.

Keywords

Amphoteric Donnan model
Capacitive deionization
Enhanced salt removal
Extended working voltage window

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Water Science and Technology
Ecological Modeling
Pollution
Waste Management and Disposal
Environmental Engineering
Civil and Structural Engineering

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10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.048

Cite this

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title = "Complementary surface charge for enhanced capacitive deionization",

abstract = "Commercially available activated carbon cloth electrodes are treated using nitric acid and ethylenediamine solutions, resulting in chemical surface charge enhanced carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization (CDI) applications. Surface charge enhanced electrodes are then configured in a CDI cell to examine their salt removal at a fixed charging voltage and both reduced and opposite polarity discharge voltages, and subsequently compared to the salt removal of untreated electrodes. Substantially improved salt removal due to chemical surface charge and the use of a discharge voltage of opposite sign to the charging voltage is clearly demonstrated in these CDI cycling tests, an observation which for the first time validates both enhanced CDI and extended-voltage CDI effects predicted by the Donnan model [Biesheuvel et al., Colloids Interf. Sci. Comm., 10.1016/j.colcom.2015.12.001 (2016)]. Our experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the use of carbon electrodes with optimized chemical surface charge can extend the CDI working voltage window through discharge voltages of opposite sign to the charging voltage, which can significantly enhance the salt adsorption capacity of CDI electrodes. Thus, in addition to carbon pore size distribution, chemical surface charge in carbon micropores is considered foundational for salt removal in CDI cells.",

keywords = "Amphoteric Donnan model, Capacitive deionization, Enhanced salt removal, Extended working voltage window",

author = "X. Gao and S. Porada and A. Omosebi and Liu, {K. L.} and Biesheuvel, {P. M.} and J. Landon",

note = "Funding Information: X.G., A.O., K.-L.L., and J.L. are grateful to the U.S. - China Clean Energy Research Center, U.S. Department of Energy for project funding (Award No. DE-PI0000017 ) and the National Science Foundation (Award No. 1520226 ). Part of this work was performed in the cooperation framework of Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology ( www.wetsus.eu ). Wetsus is co-funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment , the Province of Frysl{\^a}n, and the Northern Netherlands Provinces. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Elsevier Ltd.",

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AU - Porada, S.

AU - Omosebi, A.

AU - Liu, K. L.

AU - Biesheuvel, P. M.

AU - Landon, J.

N1 - Funding Information: X.G., A.O., K.-L.L., and J.L. are grateful to the U.S. - China Clean Energy Research Center, U.S. Department of Energy for project funding (Award No. DE-PI0000017 ) and the National Science Foundation (Award No. 1520226 ). Part of this work was performed in the cooperation framework of Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology ( www.wetsus.eu ). Wetsus is co-funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment , the Province of Fryslân, and the Northern Netherlands Provinces. Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.

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N2 - Commercially available activated carbon cloth electrodes are treated using nitric acid and ethylenediamine solutions, resulting in chemical surface charge enhanced carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization (CDI) applications. Surface charge enhanced electrodes are then configured in a CDI cell to examine their salt removal at a fixed charging voltage and both reduced and opposite polarity discharge voltages, and subsequently compared to the salt removal of untreated electrodes. Substantially improved salt removal due to chemical surface charge and the use of a discharge voltage of opposite sign to the charging voltage is clearly demonstrated in these CDI cycling tests, an observation which for the first time validates both enhanced CDI and extended-voltage CDI effects predicted by the Donnan model [Biesheuvel et al., Colloids Interf. Sci. Comm., 10.1016/j.colcom.2015.12.001 (2016)]. Our experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the use of carbon electrodes with optimized chemical surface charge can extend the CDI working voltage window through discharge voltages of opposite sign to the charging voltage, which can significantly enhance the salt adsorption capacity of CDI electrodes. Thus, in addition to carbon pore size distribution, chemical surface charge in carbon micropores is considered foundational for salt removal in CDI cells.

AB - Commercially available activated carbon cloth electrodes are treated using nitric acid and ethylenediamine solutions, resulting in chemical surface charge enhanced carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization (CDI) applications. Surface charge enhanced electrodes are then configured in a CDI cell to examine their salt removal at a fixed charging voltage and both reduced and opposite polarity discharge voltages, and subsequently compared to the salt removal of untreated electrodes. Substantially improved salt removal due to chemical surface charge and the use of a discharge voltage of opposite sign to the charging voltage is clearly demonstrated in these CDI cycling tests, an observation which for the first time validates both enhanced CDI and extended-voltage CDI effects predicted by the Donnan model [Biesheuvel et al., Colloids Interf. Sci. Comm., 10.1016/j.colcom.2015.12.001 (2016)]. Our experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the use of carbon electrodes with optimized chemical surface charge can extend the CDI working voltage window through discharge voltages of opposite sign to the charging voltage, which can significantly enhance the salt adsorption capacity of CDI electrodes. Thus, in addition to carbon pore size distribution, chemical surface charge in carbon micropores is considered foundational for salt removal in CDI cells.

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Complementary surface charge for enhanced capacitive deionization

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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