Abstract
There are many differences in arterial diseases between men and women, including prevalence, clinical manifestations, treatments, and prognosis. The new policy of the National Institutes of Health, which requires the inclusion of sex as a biological variable for preclinical studies, aims to foster new mechanistic insights and to enhance our understanding of sex differences in human diseases. The purpose of this statement is to suggest guidelines for designing and reporting sex as a biological variable in animal models of atherosclerosis, thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, and peripheral arterial disease. We briefly review sex differences of these human diseases and their animal models, followed by suggestions on experimental design and reporting of animal studies for these vascular pathologies.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 292-303 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology |
| Volume | 38 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Feb 1 2018 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2017 American Heart Association, Inc.
Funding
The authors’ research works are supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) P01HL029582 and the Geoffrey Gund Foundation to J.D. Smith; American Heart Association 15SDG25310009 to P. Robinet; NIH R01HL109942, P01HL110869, the John Ritter Foundation, and Richard T. Pisani Funds to D.M. Milewicz; NIH R01HL107326 to L.A. Cassis; and NIH R01HL125224 to N.J. Leeper.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| John Ritter Foundation | R01HL125224, R01HL107326 |
| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | P01HL029582 |
| National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) | P01HL110869 |
| American Heart Association | R01HL109942, 15SDG25310009 |
| George Gund Foundation |
Keywords
- animal models
- aortic aneurysms
- atherosclerosis
- peripheral arterial disease
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
