CRAFT Prompt Generation Framework for Teachers

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude are transforming instructional design, yet most PK–12 educators lack effective strategies for engaging with them. To address this gap, we developed the CRAFT framework—a teacher-centered model for GenAI prompt design that emphasizes Context, Role, Audience, Format, and Tone. CRAFT translates principles from prompt engineering, instructional design, and Universal Design for Learning into a practical structure aligned with teachers’ professional planning language. We implemented the framework in a professional development program with 94 PK–6 teachers who used GenAI to create lessons integrating computational thinking. Their 688 prompts and AI-generated responses were coded across 30 analytical features representing critique, launch behaviors, refinements, and supplemental material generation. Findings suggest that CRAFT helped teachers produce standards-aligned, differentiated, and instructionally coherent lessons while increasing confidence, creativity, and reflective engagement with GenAI tools.