TY - JOUR
T1 - Decreased Low Back Pain Intensity and Differential Gene Expression Following Calmare®
T2 - Results From a Double-Blinded Randomized Sham-Controlled Study
AU - Starkweather, Angela R.
AU - Coyne, Patrick
AU - Lyon, Debra E.
AU - Elswick, R. K.
AU - An, Kyungeh
AU - Sturgill, Jamie
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2015/2/1
Y1 - 2015/2/1
N2 - In this double-blinded, randomized controlled trial we evaluated the effects of Calmare®, a non-invasive neurocutaneous electrical pain intervention, on lower back pain intensity as measured by the "worst" pain score and on pain interference using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form, on measures of pain sensitivity assessed by quantitative sensory testing, and on mRNA expression of pain sensitivity genes. Thirty participants were randomized to receive up to 10 sessions of Calmare® treatment (n=15) or a sham treatment (n=15) using the same device at a non-therapeutic threshold. At 3 weeks after conclusion of treatment, compared with the sham group, the Calmare® group reported a significant decrease in the "worst" pain and interference scores. There were also significant differences in pain sensitivity and differential mRNA expression of 17 pain genes, suggesting that Calmare® can be effective in reducing pain intensity and interference in individuals with persistent low back pain by altering the mechanisms of enhanced pain sensitivity. Further study of long-term pain outcomes, particularly functional status, analgesic use and health care utilization, is warranted.
AB - In this double-blinded, randomized controlled trial we evaluated the effects of Calmare®, a non-invasive neurocutaneous electrical pain intervention, on lower back pain intensity as measured by the "worst" pain score and on pain interference using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form, on measures of pain sensitivity assessed by quantitative sensory testing, and on mRNA expression of pain sensitivity genes. Thirty participants were randomized to receive up to 10 sessions of Calmare® treatment (n=15) or a sham treatment (n=15) using the same device at a non-therapeutic threshold. At 3 weeks after conclusion of treatment, compared with the sham group, the Calmare® group reported a significant decrease in the "worst" pain and interference scores. There were also significant differences in pain sensitivity and differential mRNA expression of 17 pain genes, suggesting that Calmare® can be effective in reducing pain intensity and interference in individuals with persistent low back pain by altering the mechanisms of enhanced pain sensitivity. Further study of long-term pain outcomes, particularly functional status, analgesic use and health care utilization, is warranted.
KW - Calmare®
KW - Chronic pain
KW - Gene expression
KW - Low back pain
KW - Scrambler
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84921026528&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84921026528&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/nur.21632
DO - 10.1002/nur.21632
M3 - Article
C2 - 25572279
AN - SCOPUS:84921026528
SN - 0160-6891
VL - 38
SP - 29
EP - 38
JO - Research in Nursing and Health
JF - Research in Nursing and Health
IS - 1
ER -