Deletion of the cytoplasmic tail of the fusion protein of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 affects fusion pore enlargement

The fusion (F) protein of the paramxyovirus simian parainfluenza virus 5 (SV5) promotes virus-cell and cell-cell membrane fusion. Previous work had indicated that removal of the SV5 F protein cytoplasmic tail (F Tail - or FΔ19) caused a block in fusion promotion at the hemifusion stage. Further examination has shown that although the F Tail - mutant is severely debilitated in promotion of fusion as measured by using two reporter gene assays and is debilitated in the formation of syncytia relative to the wild-type F protein, the F Tail - mutant is capable of promoting the transfer of small aqueous dyes. These data indicate that F Tail - is fully capable of promoting formation of small fusion pores. However, enlargement of fusion pores is debilitated, suggesting that either the cytoplasmic tail of the F protein plays a direct role in pore expansion or that it interacts with other components which control pore growth.