Determinants of behavior towards hemp-based products: an application of the theory of planned behavior

Purpose: This paper examines how U.S. consumer intentions to adopt hemp vary across product types using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected via an online survey of U.S. residents in 2022 (n = 1,948). Two-step structural equation modeling is used to examine how TPB constructs and background factors influence intent to use five different hemp-based products: cannabidiol (CBD), clothing, food, personal care products, and pet products. Data are analyzed using R. Findings: Positive attitudes towards all categories of hemp-based products increase the probability of adoption, while subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have limited and varied significant influence across product models. Age has a consistent significant and negative influence on adoption. Research limitations/implications: Findings highlight consumer segmentation and marketing opportunities, inform hemp stakeholder decision-making, and provide directions for future research. Given the absence of explanatory power of SN and PBC on most product models and the diversity of products and nuanced U.S. hemp policy, future research could investigate expanded iterations of TPB. Using revealed behavior could also highlight potential intention-behavior gaps and offer more robust insights for hemp stakeholders. Originality/value: Findings contribute to a limited body of information on markets and consumer demand for hemp in the U.S.