@article{0b11f111b1a34bb4bb9f5ca068120ff0,
title = "Developing a shortened measure of negative thinking for use in patients with heart failure",
abstract = "Objective: Negative thinking is a target for treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure (HF). A brief instrument is needed to measure negative thinking in these patients. The study objective was to shorten the Crandell Cognitions Inventory (CCI) for use in patients with HF. Methods: Baseline data from outpatients with HF (N = 179, 30\% were female, age 60 ± 13 years) were used to evaluate psychometrics of the CCI. Internal consistency reliability was measured with Cronbach's alpha construct validity with hypothesis testing. Principal components analysis was used in shortening. A separate sample of hospitalized patients with HF (N = 77, 49\% were female, age 66 ± 11years) was used to validate the shortened CCI (CCI-SF). Results: The CCI showed evidence of reliability and validity, but there was item redundancy in outpatients with HF. The 12-item CCI-SF showed good evidence of reliability and validity in inpatients with HF. Conclusion: The results support the reliability and validity of the CCI-SF to measure negative thinking in hospitalized patients with HF.",
keywords = "Cardiovascular, Depression, Depressive symptoms, Heart failure, Negative thinking, Psychometric",
author = "Dekker, \{Rebecca L.\} and Lennie, \{Terry A.\} and Hall, \{Lynne A.\} and Peden, \{Ann R.\} and Chung, \{Misook L.\} and Moser, \{Debra K.\}",
year = "2011",
month = may,
doi = "10.1016/j.hrtlng.2010.11.005",
language = "English",
volume = "40",
pages = "e60--e69",
number = "3",
}