Direct observation of Li diffusion in Li-doped ZnO nanowires

Guohua Li; Lei Yu; Bethany M. Hudak; Yao Jen Chang; Hyeonjun Baek; Abhishek Sundararajan; Douglas R. Strachan; Gyu Chul Yi; Beth S. Guiton

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/3/5/054001

Direct observation of Li diffusion in Li-doped ZnO nanowires

Guohua Li
, Lei Yu
, Bethany M. Hudak
, Yao Jen Chang
, Hyeonjun Baek
, Abhishek Sundararajan
, Douglas R. Strachan
, Gyu Chul Yi
, Beth S. Guiton

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

The direct observation of Li diffusion in Li-doped zinc oxide nanowires (NWs) was realized by using in situ heating in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). A continuous increase of low atomic mass regions within a single NW was observed between 200 ° C and 600 ° C when heated in vacuum, which was explained by the conversion of interstitial to substitutional Li in the ZnO NW host lattice. A kick-out mechanism is introduced to explain the migration and conversion of the interstitial Li (Li_i) to Zn-site substitutional Li (Li_Zn), and this mechanism is verified with low-temperature (11 K) photoluminescence measurements on as-grown and annealed Li-doped zinc oxide NWs, as well as the observation of an increase of NW surface roughing with applied bias.

Original language	English
Article number	054001
Journal	Materials Research Express
Volume	3
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/3/5/054001
State	Published - May 2016

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Funding

This research was funded by the Global Research Laboratory Program (NRF-2015K1A1A2033332) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)(G-CY, GL, HB), supported by NASA Kentucky under NASA award No: NNX13AB12A (LY, Y-JC, BSG), and NASA award No: NNX10AL96H (BMH), and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, US Department of Energy (BSG). G Li also acknowledges support from Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 1608085ME99).

Funders	Funder number
U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge National Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy National Science Foundation National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	NNX13AB12A, NNX10AL96H
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Kentucky Space Grant Consortium
DOE Basic Energy Sciences
Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering
National Research Foundation of Korea
Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province	1608085ME99
Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Biomaterials
Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Polymers and Plastics
Metals and Alloys

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10.1088/2053-1591/3/5/054001

Cite this

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title = "Direct observation of Li diffusion in Li-doped ZnO nanowires",

abstract = "The direct observation of Li diffusion in Li-doped zinc oxide nanowires (NWs) was realized by using in situ heating in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). A continuous increase of low atomic mass regions within a single NW was observed between 200 ° C and 600 ° C when heated in vacuum, which was explained by the conversion of interstitial to substitutional Li in the ZnO NW host lattice. A kick-out mechanism is introduced to explain the migration and conversion of the interstitial Li (Lii) to Zn-site substitutional Li (LiZn), and this mechanism is verified with low-temperature (11 K) photoluminescence measurements on as-grown and annealed Li-doped zinc oxide NWs, as well as the observation of an increase of NW surface roughing with applied bias.",

author = "Guohua Li and Lei Yu and Hudak, \{Bethany M.\} and Chang, \{Yao Jen\} and Hyeonjun Baek and Abhishek Sundararajan and Strachan, \{Douglas R.\} and Yi, \{Gyu Chul\} and Guiton, \{Beth S.\}",

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doi = "10.1088/2053-1591/3/5/054001",

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T1 - Direct observation of Li diffusion in Li-doped ZnO nanowires

AU - Li, Guohua

AU - Yu, Lei

AU - Hudak, Bethany M.

AU - Chang, Yao Jen

AU - Baek, Hyeonjun

AU - Sundararajan, Abhishek

AU - Strachan, Douglas R.

AU - Yi, Gyu Chul

AU - Guiton, Beth S.

PY - 2016/5

Y1 - 2016/5

N2 - The direct observation of Li diffusion in Li-doped zinc oxide nanowires (NWs) was realized by using in situ heating in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). A continuous increase of low atomic mass regions within a single NW was observed between 200 ° C and 600 ° C when heated in vacuum, which was explained by the conversion of interstitial to substitutional Li in the ZnO NW host lattice. A kick-out mechanism is introduced to explain the migration and conversion of the interstitial Li (Lii) to Zn-site substitutional Li (LiZn), and this mechanism is verified with low-temperature (11 K) photoluminescence measurements on as-grown and annealed Li-doped zinc oxide NWs, as well as the observation of an increase of NW surface roughing with applied bias.

AB - The direct observation of Li diffusion in Li-doped zinc oxide nanowires (NWs) was realized by using in situ heating in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). A continuous increase of low atomic mass regions within a single NW was observed between 200 ° C and 600 ° C when heated in vacuum, which was explained by the conversion of interstitial to substitutional Li in the ZnO NW host lattice. A kick-out mechanism is introduced to explain the migration and conversion of the interstitial Li (Lii) to Zn-site substitutional Li (LiZn), and this mechanism is verified with low-temperature (11 K) photoluminescence measurements on as-grown and annealed Li-doped zinc oxide NWs, as well as the observation of an increase of NW surface roughing with applied bias.

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Direct observation of Li diffusion in Li-doped ZnO nanowires

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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