TY - JOUR
T1 - Disorders of cranial nerves IX and X
AU - Erman, Audrey B.
AU - Kejner, Alexandra E.
AU - Hogikyan, Norman D.
AU - Feldman, Eva L.
PY - 2009/2
Y1 - 2009/2
N2 - The glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves mediate the complex interplay between the many functions of the upper aerodigestive tract. Defects may occur anywhere from the brainstem to the peripheral nerve and can result in significant impairment in speech, swallowing, and breathing. Multiple etiologies can produce symptoms. In this review, the authors broadly examine the normal functions, clinical examination, and various pathologies of cranial nerves IX and X.
AB - The glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves mediate the complex interplay between the many functions of the upper aerodigestive tract. Defects may occur anywhere from the brainstem to the peripheral nerve and can result in significant impairment in speech, swallowing, and breathing. Multiple etiologies can produce symptoms. In this review, the authors broadly examine the normal functions, clinical examination, and various pathologies of cranial nerves IX and X.
KW - Cranial nerve disorders
KW - Dysphagia
KW - Dysphonia
KW - Glossopharyngeal
KW - Vagus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=63049088120&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=63049088120&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1055/s-0028-1124027
DO - 10.1055/s-0028-1124027
M3 - Review article
C2 - 19214937
AN - SCOPUS:63049088120
SN - 0271-8235
VL - 29
SP - 85
EP - 92
JO - Seminars in Neurology
JF - Seminars in Neurology
IS - 1
ER -