Abstract
The effect of the cross-coupling catalyst tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (Pd(PPh3)4) on the performance of a model organic bulk-heterojunction solar cell composed of a blend of poly([2,6′-4,8-di(5-ethylhexylthienyl)benzo[1,2-b;3,3-b]dithiophene]{3-fluoro-2[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl}) (PTB7-Th) donor and 3,9-bis(2-methylene-((3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-6,7-difluoro)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene (IOTIC-4F) non-fullerene acceptor is investigated. The effect of intentional addition of different amounts of Pd(PPh3)4 on morphology, free charge carrier generation, non-geminate bulk trap- and surface trap-assisted recombination as well as bimolecular recombination and charge extraction is quantified. This work shows that free charge carrier generation is affected significantly, while the impact of Pd(PPh3)4 on non-geminate recombination processes is limited because the catalyst does not facilitate efficient trap-assisted recombination. The studied system shows substantial robustness towards the addition of Pd(PPh3)4 in small amounts.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 2009363 |
| Journal | Advanced Functional Materials |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue number | 15 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Apr 8 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
Funding
The authors acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Grant #FA9550‐19‐1‐0348. Z.P. and H.A. were supported by an ONR grant N000141712204. X‐ray data acquired at beamlines 11.0.1.2 at the Advanced Light Source, LBNL, was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE‐AC02‐05CH11231. The authors would like to thank Dr. Alexander Mikhailovsky for help with fluorescence data collection and for helpful discussions. The authors thank Max Schrock for help with high‐resolution surface morphology AFM measurements and James Hilfiger from J.A. Woollam Co., Inc. for assistance with the fitting of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Data. The authors acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Grant #FA9550-19-1-0348. Z.P. and H.A. were supported by an ONR grant N000141712204. X-ray data acquired at beamlines 11.0.1.2 at the Advanced Light Source, LBNL, was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors would like to thank Dr. Alexander Mikhailovsky for help with fluorescence data collection and for helpful discussions. The authors thank Max Schrock for help with high-resolution surface morphology AFM measurements and James Hilfiger from J.A. Woollam Co., Inc. for assistance with the fitting of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Data.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Office of Basic Energy Sciences | |
| Office of Naval Research | N000141712204 |
| Michigan State University-U.S. Department of Energy (MSU-DOE) Plant Research Laboratory | DE‐AC02‐05CH11231 |
| Air Force Office of Scientific Research, United States Air Force | 9550‐19‐1‐0348 |
| Office of Science Programs | |
| Office of Basic Energy Sciences |
Keywords
- catalyst traces
- extraction
- impurities
- organic solar cells
- recombination dynamics
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- General Chemistry
- Condensed Matter Physics
- General Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Biomaterials