Effect of Soaking on Nitrate Concentrations in Teff Hay

Tayler L. Hansen; Ashley L. Fowler; Laura A. Strasinger; Brittany E. Harlow; Susan H. Hayes; Laurie M. Lawrence

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2016.06.071

Effect of Soaking on Nitrate Concentrations in Teff Hay

Tayler L. Hansen, Ashley L. Fowler, Laura A. Strasinger, Brittany E. Harlow, Susan H. Hayes, Laurie M. Lawrence

Animal and Food Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

Soaking can affect respirable dust particles and the concentrations of some nutrients in alfalfa and cool season grass hays. However, the effect of soaking on nitrates in hay has not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soaking on teff hay, a warm season annual grass, that contained high concentrations of nitrate (>2.0%). Six bales of teff hay were used for the study. Six 0.5 kg samples were taken from each bale and assigned to one of six soaking treatments: no soaking (control), cold water immersion for 10 seconds, warm water immersion for 10 seconds, cold water soaking for 1 hour, warm water soaking for 1 hour, and cold water soaking for 8 hours. After soaking, hay was dried, ground, and submitted to a commercial laboratory for analysis. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance as a block design. When the main effect of treatment was significant (P < .05), means were separated by Tukey's honest significant difference test. Soaking for 1 or 8 hours decreased water-soluble carbohydrate (P < .0001). Phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc concentrations were reduced by soaking for 1 hour or longer (P, K, Na: P < .0001; Zn: P = .003). Nitrate concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) to safe levels for horses (≤0.5%) by soaking hay for 1 hour or longer but soaking also reduced the concentrations of some nutrients in the hay. Minimal differences were observed between cold and warm soaking temperatures.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	53-57
Number of pages	5
Journal	Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume	45
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2016.06.071
State	Published - Oct 1 2016

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture and is published with approval of the Director of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station as publication 16-07-004. The authors have no known conflict of interest.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Inc.

Keywords

Horse
Mineral
Warm season grass

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Equine

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jevs.2016.06.071

Cite this

@article{14fd8f9e05e84c7081a0282c177c8ab3,

title = "Effect of Soaking on Nitrate Concentrations in Teff Hay",

abstract = "Soaking can affect respirable dust particles and the concentrations of some nutrients in alfalfa and cool season grass hays. However, the effect of soaking on nitrates in hay has not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soaking on teff hay, a warm season annual grass, that contained high concentrations of nitrate (>2.0%). Six bales of teff hay were used for the study. Six 0.5 kg samples were taken from each bale and assigned to one of six soaking treatments: no soaking (control), cold water immersion for 10 seconds, warm water immersion for 10 seconds, cold water soaking for 1 hour, warm water soaking for 1 hour, and cold water soaking for 8 hours. After soaking, hay was dried, ground, and submitted to a commercial laboratory for analysis. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance as a block design. When the main effect of treatment was significant (P < .05), means were separated by Tukey's honest significant difference test. Soaking for 1 or 8 hours decreased water-soluble carbohydrate (P < .0001). Phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc concentrations were reduced by soaking for 1 hour or longer (P, K, Na: P < .0001; Zn: P = .003). Nitrate concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) to safe levels for horses (≤0.5%) by soaking hay for 1 hour or longer but soaking also reduced the concentrations of some nutrients in the hay. Minimal differences were observed between cold and warm soaking temperatures.",

keywords = "Horse, Mineral, Warm season grass",

author = "Hansen, {Tayler L.} and Fowler, {Ashley L.} and Strasinger, {Laura A.} and Harlow, {Brittany E.} and Hayes, {Susan H.} and Lawrence, {Laurie M.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture and is published with approval of the Director of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station as publication 16-07-004. The authors have no known conflict of interest. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Elsevier Inc.",

year = "2016",

month = oct,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.jevs.2016.06.071",

language = "English",

volume = "45",

pages = "53--57",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of Soaking on Nitrate Concentrations in Teff Hay

AU - Hansen, Tayler L.

AU - Fowler, Ashley L.

AU - Strasinger, Laura A.

AU - Harlow, Brittany E.

AU - Hayes, Susan H.

AU - Lawrence, Laurie M.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture and is published with approval of the Director of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station as publication 16-07-004. The authors have no known conflict of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Elsevier Inc.

PY - 2016/10/1

Y1 - 2016/10/1

N2 - Soaking can affect respirable dust particles and the concentrations of some nutrients in alfalfa and cool season grass hays. However, the effect of soaking on nitrates in hay has not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soaking on teff hay, a warm season annual grass, that contained high concentrations of nitrate (>2.0%). Six bales of teff hay were used for the study. Six 0.5 kg samples were taken from each bale and assigned to one of six soaking treatments: no soaking (control), cold water immersion for 10 seconds, warm water immersion for 10 seconds, cold water soaking for 1 hour, warm water soaking for 1 hour, and cold water soaking for 8 hours. After soaking, hay was dried, ground, and submitted to a commercial laboratory for analysis. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance as a block design. When the main effect of treatment was significant (P < .05), means were separated by Tukey's honest significant difference test. Soaking for 1 or 8 hours decreased water-soluble carbohydrate (P < .0001). Phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc concentrations were reduced by soaking for 1 hour or longer (P, K, Na: P < .0001; Zn: P = .003). Nitrate concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) to safe levels for horses (≤0.5%) by soaking hay for 1 hour or longer but soaking also reduced the concentrations of some nutrients in the hay. Minimal differences were observed between cold and warm soaking temperatures.

AB - Soaking can affect respirable dust particles and the concentrations of some nutrients in alfalfa and cool season grass hays. However, the effect of soaking on nitrates in hay has not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soaking on teff hay, a warm season annual grass, that contained high concentrations of nitrate (>2.0%). Six bales of teff hay were used for the study. Six 0.5 kg samples were taken from each bale and assigned to one of six soaking treatments: no soaking (control), cold water immersion for 10 seconds, warm water immersion for 10 seconds, cold water soaking for 1 hour, warm water soaking for 1 hour, and cold water soaking for 8 hours. After soaking, hay was dried, ground, and submitted to a commercial laboratory for analysis. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance as a block design. When the main effect of treatment was significant (P < .05), means were separated by Tukey's honest significant difference test. Soaking for 1 or 8 hours decreased water-soluble carbohydrate (P < .0001). Phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc concentrations were reduced by soaking for 1 hour or longer (P, K, Na: P < .0001; Zn: P = .003). Nitrate concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) to safe levels for horses (≤0.5%) by soaking hay for 1 hour or longer but soaking also reduced the concentrations of some nutrients in the hay. Minimal differences were observed between cold and warm soaking temperatures.

KW - Horse

KW - Mineral

KW - Warm season grass

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84978200121&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84978200121&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.06.071

DO - 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.06.071

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84978200121

SN - 0737-0806

VL - 45

SP - 53

EP - 57

JO - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

JF - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

ER -

Effect of Soaking on Nitrate Concentrations in Teff Hay

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this