Effects of patch-burn grazing and rotational grazing on grassland bird abundance, species richness, and diversity in native grassland pastures of the Midsouth USA

Christopher M. Lituma, Byron R. Buckley, Patrick D. Keyser, Elizabeth Holcomb, Ray Smith, John Morgan, Roger D. Applegate

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Declines in native warm season grasslands have been linked to grassland bird population decline due to habitat loss including conversion to non-native grasses. Rotational grazing (ROT) and patch-burn grazing (PBG) are two possible tools to restore native warm-season grasses (NWSG) on working-lands in the Mid-South USA and thus aid in the recovery of grassland bird populations. This project compares ROT, PBG, and before treatment implementation to assess their effects on grassland-associated bird species. At three research sites between KY and TN, 14–10 ha NWSG pastures were established and randomly assigned 7 pastures each to ROT and PBG treatment and monitored avian relative abundance during the breeding season from 2014 to 2017. Avian call count data and vegetation characteristics were collected in 2014 and treated as a before treatment year. Following 2014, ROT and PBG treatments were implemented across each respective research site. We used the open N-mixture model framework to estimate avian relative abundance related to year, treatments, research site, and landscape and within-field variables. Avian species richness and diversity were calculated for each treatment, research site, and year. Landscape variables, within-field variables, and research sites exerted more influence on relative abundance than ROT or PBG. Grassland-associated bird species relative abundance and species richness/diversity were affected by habitat disturbances (both ROT and PBG) but varied by species and site. Field sparrows [Spizella pusilla] had the highest increase in relative abundance (9.68 ± 1.24 birds/point count location or 1.77 ha) while northern cardinals [Cardinalis cardinalis] exhibited a significant decrease in relative abundance (3.44 ± 1.54 birds/point count location) following treatment implementation on specific research sites. Species diversity and richness did not differ between ROT and PBG treatments. However, a site and year difference were observed for both estimates. Using ROT and/or PBG to create habitat disturbances can alter within-field variables (i.e., vegetation height) which, taken into context with landscape variables, could impact grassland bird populations and diversity depending on grassland bird species habitat requirements. Our research provided the baseline information for ROT and PBG impacts on grassland birds in the east/southeastern USA. However, we believe future research should focus on breeding and annual fecundity to better understand how populations will change over time and how working lands conservation might aid this conservation effort without a reduction in livestock productivity.

Original languageEnglish
Article number107710
JournalAgriculture, Ecosystems and Environment
Volume324
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 1 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Funding

This project was funded by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service : Conservation Innovation Grant 69-3A75-11-176 ; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration), USA; Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources , USA; and the United States Department of Agiculture ( Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service ) under Tennessee Hatch Project TEN00350 , TEN00463 , and TEN00547 .

FundersFunder number
Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources
Tennessee HatchTEN00463, TEN00350, TEN00547
United States Department of Agiculture
United States Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service69-3A75-11-176
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service
Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency

    Keywords

    • Birds
    • Conservation
    • Grassland
    • Native warm-season grasses
    • Patch-burn grazing
    • Prescribed burning
    • Rotational grazing

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Ecology
    • Animal Science and Zoology
    • Agronomy and Crop Science

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