TY - GEN
T1 - EFFECTS OF SOIL AMENDMENTS AND SEVERE CATTLE GRAZING ON THE LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF TREE SEEDLINGS ON EASTERN KENTUCKY SURFACE MINED LAND.
AU - Ringe, James M.
AU - Graves, Donald H.
AU - Wittwer, Robert F.
PY - 1984
Y1 - 1984
N2 - Seedlings of Virginia pine, European alder, and northern red oak were planted in March of 1977 under three bark mulch depths and three diammonium phosphate fertilizer rates, with and without grass-legume competition. In 1983, cattle were allowed to graze in the study area. The trees were remeasured in March of 1984 to determine the longer-term effects of the soil amendments and the effects of cattle grazing on tree survival and height growth. Both of these parameters increased under bark mulch and fertilizer, but decreased under herbaceous competition. Survival and growth also decreased following grazing. Additionally, cattle grazing had a highly detrimental effect on tree form.
AB - Seedlings of Virginia pine, European alder, and northern red oak were planted in March of 1977 under three bark mulch depths and three diammonium phosphate fertilizer rates, with and without grass-legume competition. In 1983, cattle were allowed to graze in the study area. The trees were remeasured in March of 1984 to determine the longer-term effects of the soil amendments and the effects of cattle grazing on tree survival and height growth. Both of these parameters increased under bark mulch and fertilizer, but decreased under herbaceous competition. Survival and growth also decreased following grazing. Additionally, cattle grazing had a highly detrimental effect on tree form.
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M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:0021660778
SN - 0897790626
T3 - University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, (Bulletin) UKY BU
SP - 209
EP - 213
BT - University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, (Bulletin) UKY BU
ER -