Abstract
Purpose of Review: To describe the effects of type 1 diabetes on bone cells. Recent findings: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with low bone mineral density, increased risk of fractures, and poor fracture healing. Its effects on the skeleton were primarily attributed to impaired bone formation, but recent data suggests that bone remodeling and resorption are also compromised. The hyperglycemic and inflammatory environment associated with T1D impacts osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. The mechanisms involved are complex; insulinopenia, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and alterations in gene expression are a few of the contributing factors leading to poor osteoblast activity and survival and, therefore, poor bone formation. In addition, the observed sclerostin level increase accompanied by decreased osteocyte number and enhanced osteoclast activity in T1D results in uncoupling of bone remodeling. Summary: T1D negatively impacts osteoblasts and osteocytes, whereas its effects on osteoclasts are not well characterized, although the limited studies available indicate increased osteoclast activity, favoring bone resorption.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 310-319 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Current Osteoporosis Reports |
Volume | 14 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 1 2016 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Funding
This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants R01DK055653 (to J.L.F.) and R21AR070620 (to K.M.T). Additional funding was provided by the University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center Endowment.
Funders | Funder number |
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University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center Research Endowment | |
National Institutes of Health (NIH) | R01DK055653, R21AR070620 |
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases | R01DK084045 |
Keywords
- Bone cells
- Osteoblasts
- Osteoclasts
- Osteocytes
- Type 1 diabetes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism